Abstract
With the different physiological properties and thermal conditions, different body parts of passengers have inconsistent thermal sensations and thermal requirements in a highly non-uniform and transient vehicle cabin thermal environment. Determining the thermal comfort requirements for different body parts of a passenger is essential for effectively supplying warm air to the right human part especially for electric vehicles with energy-saving attributes. In this paper, a comprehensive numerical model that integrates human thermal regulation mechanism and dynamic environmental characteristics is established to calculate the thermal comfort for passengers via thermal responses to a dynamic environment. The numerical computation sets up such a model structure, firstly considering human thermal regulation functions into the thermal response to the in-cabin dynamic thermal distributions, then combining Berkeley thermal comfort model to identify the thermal comfort level at different body parts, that would implement total numerical simulations to get thermal comfort evaluation, independent of human subjective feedbacks. The model is validated by experiments with an acceptable error and implemented for a cabin heating case study. The models can effectively predict the thermal comfort and thermal requirements of various body parts in a dynamic environment with human thermoregulation, as an important tool for designing a non-uniform environment.
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Abbreviations
- c :
-
tissue heat capacity, J/kg/K
- c b1 :
-
heat capacity of blood, J/kg/K
- C overall :
-
overall thermal comfort, dimensionless
- Cs :
-
vasodilation, W/K
- Dl :
-
vasoconstriction, W/K
- k :
-
tissue conductivity, W/m/K
- q m :
-
metabolic heat generation, W/m3
- q m,0 :
-
basal metabolic rate, W·m3
- r :
-
radius, m
- Sh :
-
shivering, W
- Sw :
-
sweating, g/min
- S overall :
-
overall thermal sensation, dimensionless
- t :
-
time, s
- T bl,a :
-
arterial blood temperature on right side, °C
- TC i :
-
local thermal comfort, dimensionless
- th :
-
thickness, mm
- T hy :
-
core temperature, °C
- ∆T hy :
-
changing of core temperature, °C
- TS i :
-
local thermal sensation, dimensionless
- T sk :
-
skin temperature, °C
- ∆T skin :
-
changing of skin temperature, °C
- dT skin/dt :
-
rate of mean skin temperature, °C/s
- T t :
-
tissue temperature, °C
- w bl :
-
blood perfusion rate, 1/s/m3
- ω :
-
geometry factor, dimensionless
- ρ :
-
tissue density, kg/m3
- ρ bl :
-
blood density, kg/m3
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Acknowledgement
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51775193) and Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 2015B010137002).
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Li, W., Chen, J., Lan, F. et al. Numerical Projection on Occupant Thermal Comfort via Dynamic Responses to Human Thermoregulation. Int.J Automot. Technol. 23, 193–203 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-022-0016-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-022-0016-z