Abstract
A quasi-dimensional model is developed with the surrogate mechanism of isooctane and n-heptane to predict knock and emissions of a homogeneous GDI engine. It is composed of unburned and burned zone with the latter divided into multiple zones of equal mass to resolve temperature stratification. Combustion is based on turbulent entrainment and burning in a spherically propagating flame with the entrainment rate interpolated between laminar and turbulent flame speed. Validation is performed against measured pressure traces, NOx and CO emissions at different load and rpm conditions. Comparison is made between predictions by the empirical knock model and the chemistry model in this work. There is good agreement for pressure, NOx, CO and knock for the test engine. Promising results are obtained through parametric study with respect to octane number and engine load by the chemistry knock model.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Abbreviations
- A :
-
constant for turbulent burning velocity
- C p :
-
specific heat
- D :
-
diffusivity
- d 32 :
-
SMD
- h f :
-
enthalpy of formation
- P v,surf :
-
saturation pressure
- Q chem :
-
heat relrease by knock
- Q fg :
-
heat transfer for evaporation
- Q w :
-
heat transfer on the wall
- R v :
-
gas constant
- S L :
-
laminar flame speed
- S T :
-
turbulent burning velocity
- V e :
-
flame propagation speed
- z i :
-
correction factor
- a :
-
constant for heat transfer
- a, n :
-
constant for flame propagation speed
- λ :
-
thermal conductivity, latent heat of evaporation
- θ :
-
ignintion delay
- b :
-
burnd gas
- f :
-
fuel
- g :
-
gas
- i :
-
i-th spray zone
References
Blizard, N. S. and Keck, J. C. (1974). Experimental and theoretical investigation of turbulent burning model for internal combustion engines. SAE Paper No. 740191.
Borman, G. L. and Johnson, J. H. (1962). Unsteady vaporization histories and trajectories of fuel drops injected into swirling. SAE Paper No. 620271.
Bougrine, S., Richard, S. and Veynante, D. (2011). On the combination of complex chemistry with a 0-D coherent flame model to account for the fuel properties in spark ignition engines simulations: Application to methaneair-diluents mixtures. Proc. Combust. Inst., 33, 3123.
D’Errico, G. and Onorati, A. (2004). An integrated simulation model for the prediction of GDI engine cylinder emissions and exhaust after-treatment system performance. SAE Paper No. 2004-01-0043.
Gong, J. and Rutland, C. (2013). A quasi-dimensional NOx emission model for spark-ignition direct injection (SIDI) gasoline engines. SAE Paper No. 2013-01-1311.
Gosman, A. D. and Johns, R. J. R. (1980). Computer analysis of fuel-air mixing in direct-injection engines. SAE Paper No. 800091.
Grill, M., Billinger, T. and Bargende, M. (2006). Quasi-dimensional modeling of spark ignition engine combustion with variable valve train. SAE Paper No. 2006-01-1107.
Han, S. (1997). Design and Demonstration of a Spark Ignition Engine Operating in a Stratified-EGR Mode. Ph. D. Dissertation. MIT. Massachusetts.
Hiroyasu, H., Kadota, T. and Arai, M. (1983). Development and use of a spray combustion modeling to predict diesel engine efficiency and pollutant emissions (Part 1: Combustion Modeling). JSME, 26, 569.
Jung, D. (2001). A Multi-zone Direct-injection Diesel Spray Combustion Model for Cycle Simulation Studies of Large-bore Engine Performance and Emissions. Ph. D. Dissertation. University of Michigan. Michigan.
Lee, D., Han, I., Huh, K. Y., Lee, J. H., Kim, S. J., Kang, W. and Kim, Y. (2008). A new combustion model based on transport of mean reaction progress variable in a spark ignition engine. SAE Paper No. 2008-01-0964.
Lee, D. and Huh, K. Y. (2012). Validation of analytical expression for turbulent burning velocity in stagnating and freely propagating turbulent premixed flames. Combust. Flame, 159, 1576.
Malbec, L. M., Le Berr, F., Richard, S., Font, G. and Albercht, A. (2009). Modelling turbocharged spark-ignition engines: Towards predictive real time simulators. SAE Paper No. 2009-01-0675.
Metghalchi, M. and Keck, J. C. (1982). Burning velocity of mixtures of air with methanol, isooctane, and indolene at high pressure and temperature. Combust. Flame, 48, 191.
Poulos, S. G. (1982). The Effect of Chamber Geometry on SI Engine Combustion Rates-A Modeling Study. M. S. Thesis. MIT. Massachusetts.
Ra, Y. and Reitz, R. D. (2011). A combustion model for IC engine combustion simulations with multi-component fuels. Combust. Flame, 158, 69.
Richard, S., Bougrine, S., Font, G., Lafossas, F.-A. and Le Berr, F. (2009). On reduction of a 3D CFD combustion model to build a physical 0D model for simulating heat release, knock and pollutants in SI engines. Oli Gas Sci. Technol. 64, 223.
Schmid, A., Grill, M., Berner, H. J., Bargende, M., Rossa, S. and Böttcher, M. (2009). Development of a quasidimensional combustion model for stratified SI-engine. SAE Paper No. 2009-01-2659.
Tabaczynski, R. J., Ferguson, C. R. and Radhakrishnan, K. (1977). A turbulent entrainment model for spark-ignition engine combustion. SAE Paper No. 770647.
Tinaut, F. V., Melgar, A. and Horrillo, A. (1999). Utilization of a quasi-dimensional model for predicting pollutant emissions in SI engines. SAE Paper No. 1999-01-0223.
Watanabe, K., Ito, S. and Tsurushima, T. (2010). A new quasi-dimensional combustion model applicable to direct injection gasoline engine. SAE Paper No. 2010-01-0544.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, J., Lee, Y., Huh, K.Y. et al. Quasi-dimensional analysis of combustion, emissions and knocking in a homogeneous GDI engine. Int.J Automot. Technol. 16, 877–883 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-015-0089-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-015-0089-z