Abstract
In this work, blends of MaterBi K (MBK), a starch based biodegradable polymer with polypropylene (PP), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and polystyrene (PS) were prepared in an intensive mixer PP-g-MA; HDPE-g-MA and SEBS-g-MA were incorporated at 2 wt.% to corresponding matrix respectively in order to analyze the effect of compatibilizer amount on the morphology and final properties. The composites, with 20 wt.% of alkaline treated hemp fibers, were prepared by injection molding. Fracture and water absorption of matrices and composites were studied and the effect of each component was established. Blending of the MB matrix with PP and HDPE did not raise the Jc, with the exception of the MB-S3 blend which has a slight improvement in fracture energy. On the other hand, the fiber incorporation to blends improves significantly the Jc values for all samples compared with their respective matrices. The best result was obtained for the B8-S2 blend and the B8-P2 compatibilized blend. The water absorption of equilibrium was also studied, resulting from 0.3 % to 0.9 % for the polymer blends and raises from 5 % to 7 % for the fiber reinforced blends.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Q. Fang and M. A. Hanna, Ind. Crops. Prod., 13, 219 (2001).
G. Doyon, J. Arch, D. Twede, B. Drasner, A. M. Baylis, D. R. Kopsilk, E. Fisher, F. J. Sweeney, M. W. Leonard, B. Finnigan, L. Liu, J. Kost, P. Takhistov, C. Irwin, A. S. Mandel, G. A. Foster, L. Lynch, R. M. Brasington, R. Quinn, and P. Henningsen, “The Wiley Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology”, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2010.
H.-S. Kim and H.-J. Kim, Fiber. Polym., 14, 793 (2013).
I. Vroman and L. Tighzert, Materials, 2, 307 (2009).
K. Song and I. Kim, Fiber. Polym., 14, 2135 (2013).
M. M.-U. Haque, V. Alvarez, M. Paci, and M. Pracella, Compos. Part A-Appl. S., 42, 2060 (2011).
P. Wambua, J. Ivens, and I. Verpoest, Compos. Sci. Technol., 63, 1259 (2003).
A. Stocchi, C. Bernal, A. Vázquez, J. Biagotti, and J. Kenny, J. Compos. Mater., 41, 2005 (2007).
S. Nam and A. Netravali, Fiber. Polym., 7, 380 (2006).
K. Leluk and M. Kozlowski, Fiber. Polym., 15, 108 (2014).
A. Ibrahim, M. V. Wahit, and A. A. Yussuf, Fiber. Polym., 15, 574 (2014).
S. H. Aziz and M. P. Ansell, Compos. Sci. Technol., 64, 1231 (2004).
C. Vallo, J. M. Kenny, A. Vazquez, and V. P. Cyras, J. Compos. Mater., 38, 1387 (2004).
L. Y. Mwaikambo and M. P. Ansell, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 84, 2222 (2002).
J. A. Khan, M. A. Khan, and R. Islam, Fiber. Polym., 13, 1300 (2012).
K. Mahato, S. Goswami, and A. Ambarkar, Fiber. Polym., 15, 1310 (2014).
W. Y. F. Chan and J. G. Williams, Polymer, 35, 1666 (1994).
F. Tuba, L. Oláh, and P. Nagy, Eng. Fract. Mech., 78, 3123 (2011).
E. Plati and J. G. Williams, Polym. Eng. Sci., 15, 470 (1975).
B. Cotterell and J. K. Reddel, Int. J. Fract., 13, 267 (1977).
Y.-W. Mai and P. Powell, J. Polym. Sci. Part B-Polym. Phys., 29, 785 (1991).
J. Karger-Kocsis, T. Czigány, and E. J. Moskala, Polymer, 38, 4587 (1997).
T. L. Anderson, “Fracture Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications”, CRC Press, Boca Ratón, Florida, USA, 2005.
J. Gassan and A. K. Bledzki, Compos. Sci. Technol., 59, 1303 (1999).
J.-K. Kim and Y.-W. Mai in “Engineered Interfaces in Fiber Reinforced Composites” (J.-K. Kim and Y.-W. Mai Eds.), pp.1–4, Elsevier Science Ltd., Oxford, 1998.
F. Ellyin and R. Maser, Compos. Sci. Technol., 64, 1863 (2004).
L. Ye, A. Beehag, and K. Friedrich, Compos. Sci. Technol., 53, 167 (1995).
M. Todo, S. D. Park, T. Takayama, and K. Arakawa, Eng. Fract. Mech., 74, 1872 (2007).
D. R. Paul, “Polymer Blends”, Elsevier, 1978.
K. L. Pickering, M. A. Sawpan, J. Jayaraman, and A. Fernyhough, Compos. Part A-Appl. S., 42, 1148 (2011).
S. S. Lawrence, P. S. Walia, F. Felker, and J. L. Willett, Polym. Eng. Sci., 44, 1839 (2004).
A. Stocchi, E. Rodríguez, A. Vázquez, and C. Bernal, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 128, 1547 (2013).
S. C. Tjong, S.-A. Xu, R. K.-Y. Li, and Y.-W. Mai, Compos. Sci. Technol., 62, 831 (2002).
J. Karger-Kocsis, T. Harmia, and T. Czigány, Compos. Sci. Technol., 54, 287 (1995).
R. Moriana, F. Vilaplana, S. Karlsson, and A. Ribes-Greus, Compos. Part A-Appl. S., 42, 30 (2011).
T. Harmia and K. Friedrich, Compos. Sci. Technol., 53, 423 (1995).
R. V. Silva, D. Spinelli, W. W. Bose Filho, S. Claro Neto, G. O. Chierice, and J. R. Tarpani, Compos. Sci. Technol., 66, 1328 (2006).
V. Alvarez, A. Vazquez, and C. Bernal, J. Compos. Mater., 40, 21 (2006).
F. L. Matthews and R. D. Rawlings, “Composite Materials: Engineering and Science”, Elsevier, 1999.
H. Ma and C. W. Joo, Fiber. Polym., 12, 310 (2011).
J.-B. Zeng, L. Jiao, Y.-D. Li, M. Srinivasan, T. Li, and Y.-Z. Wang, Carbohydr. Polym., 83, 762 (2011).
H. N. Dhakal, Z. Y. Zhang, and M. O. W. Richardson, Compos. Sci. Technol., 67, 1674 (2007).
N. Venkateshwaran and A. Elaya Perumal, Fiber. Polym., 13, 907 (2012).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Haque, MU., Stocchi, A., Alvarez, V. et al. Fracture behaviour of biodegradable polymer/polyolefin-natural fibers ternary composites systems. Fibers Polym 15, 2625–2632 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-014-2625-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-014-2625-2