Abstract
An effective oil separating technique from water-oil mixture can be used in various industrial fields such as environmental purification and resource recycling. In this study, a vitreous carbon (VC) grid structure was fabricated by carbonization of digital light processing (DLP) 3D (3-dimensional) printed parts, and its oil separation performance was evaluated. A planner DVC grid structure with pore sizes of ∼200, ∼430 and ∼520 µm was fabricated and its water-oil separation performance werewas evaluated. Despite theoretical calculations suggesting adequate water repelling pressures for pores around ∼300 and ∼360 µm, actual performance fell short due to defects from 3D printing and carbonization processes. A more robust design approach involves fabricating a cuboid shell-shaped VC grid structure with smaller pores (∼150 µm), demonstrating continuous water-oil separation capabilities.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Abbreviations
- p :
-
Pitch
- d :
-
Pore size
- P rep :
-
Water repel pressure
- γ wo :
-
Interfacial tension of an water-oil interface
- θ wo :
-
Contact angle of water at oil environment
- P max :
-
Maximum water pressure
- ρ o :
-
Density of oil
- ρ w :
-
Density of water
- h o :
-
Initial height of oil layer
- h w :
-
Initial height of water at the bottom of opening
References
I. Leifer, W. J. Lehr, D. Simecek-Beatty, E. Bradley, R. Clark, P. Dennison, Y. Hu, S. Matheson, C. E. Jones, B. Holt, M. Reif, D. A. Roberts, J. Svejkovsky, G. Swayze and J. Wozencraft, State of the art satellite and airborne marine oil spill remote sensing: application to the BP deepwater horizon oil spill, Remote Sensing of Environment, 124 (2012) 185–209.
S. Rasouli, N. Rezaei, H. Hamedi, S. Zendehboudi and X. Duan, Superhydrophobic and superoleophilic membranes for oil-water separation application: a comprehensive review, Materials & Design, 204 (2021) 109599.
N. Zhang, Y. Qi, Y. Zhang, J. Luo, P. Cui and W. Jiang, A review on oil/water mixture separation material, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 59 (33) (2020) 14546–14568.
Z. Zhang, D. Yu, X. Xu, H. Li, T. Mao, C. Zheng, J. Huang, H. Yang, Z. Niu and X. Wu, A polypropylene melt-blown strategy for the facile and efficient membrane separation of oil-water mixtures, Chinese J. of Chemical Engineering, 29 (2021) 383–390.
S. Choi, T. Kwon, H. Im, D. Moon, D. J. Baek, M. Seol, J. P. Duarte and Y. Choi, Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sponge for the selective absorption of oil from water, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 3 (12) (2011) 4552–4556.
X. Gui, H. Li, K. Wang, J. Wei, Y. Jia, Z. Li, L. Fan, A. Cao, H. Zhu and D. Wu, Recyclable carbon nanotube sponges for oil absorption, Acta Materialia, 5912 (2011) 4798–4804.
Y. He, Y. Liu, T. Wu, J. Ma, X. Wang, Q. Gong, W. Kong, F. Xing, Y. Liu and J. Gao, An environmentally friendly method for the fabrication of reduced graphene oxide foam with a super oil absorption capacity, J. of Hazardous Materials, 260 (2013) 796–805.
M. A. Asgar, J. Kim, J. W. Yeom, S. Lee, M. R. Haq and S. Kim, Facile fabrication of microporous vitreous carbon for oil/organic solvent absorption, Environmental Technology & Innovation, 24 (2021) 101946.
J. H. Shin, J. H. Heo, S. Jeon, J. H. Park, S. Kim and H. W. Kang, Bio-inspired hol-low PDMS sponge for enhanced oil-water separation, J. of Hazardous Materials, 365 (2019) 494–501.
D. Niblett, Z. Guo, S. Holmes, V. Niasar and R. Prosser, Utilization of 3D printed carbon gas diffusion layers in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, International J. of Hydrogen Energy, 47 (55) (2022) 23393–23410.
J. Ju, S. Lim, S. Kim and J. Seok, A method to fabricate a low-cost, large-area vitreous carbon mold for glass molded microstructures, International J. of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 16 (2015) 287–291.
M. R. Haq, Y. K. Kim, J. Kim, J. Ju and S. Kim, Fabrication of all glass microfluidic device with superior chemical and mechanical resistances by glass molding with vitreous carbon mold, Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 29 (7) (2019) 075010.
J. Kim, D. Hong, M. A. Badshah, X. Lu, Y. K. Kim and S. Kim, Direct metal forming of a microdome structure with a glassy carbon mold for enhanced boiling heat transfer, Micromachines, 9 (8) (2018) 376.
H. Jang, M. R. Haq, Y. Kim, J. Kim, P. Oh, J. Ju, S. M. Kim and J. Lim, Fabrication of glass microchannel via glass imprinting using a vitreous carbon stamp for flow focusing droplet generator, Sensors, 18 (1) (2017) 83.
M. A. Badshah, J. Kim, J. Yeom, N. Abbas, M. R. Haq, Y. Kim, X. Lu and S. Kim, Glass nanoimprinted plasmonic nanostructure for high power laser stable surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate, Applied Surface Science, 542 (2021) 148587.
C. Chen, D. Weng, A. Mahmood, S. Chen and J. Wang, Separation mechanism and construction of surfaces with special wettability for oil/water separation, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 11 (11) (2019) 11006–11027.
Y. Cong, W. Zhang, C. Liu and F. Huang, Composition and oil-water interfacial tension studies in different vegetable oils, Food Biophysics, 15 (2020) 229–239.
M. A. Gondal, M. S. Sadullah, M. A. Dastageer, G. H. McKinley, D. Panchanathan and K. K. Varanasi, Study of factors governing oil–water separation process using TiO2 films prepared by spray deposition of nanoparticle dispersions, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 6 (16) (2014) 13422–13429.
M. R. Haq, J. Kim, J. Ju, Y. K. Kim, W. J. Chang and S. Kim, Development of shrinkage model of micro structured vitreous carbon mold for glass molding, J. of Mechanical Science and Technology, 33 (12) (2019) 5747–5752.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the Chung-Ang University Research Grants in 2021, and by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2021R1A2C2004458).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Ju Wan Kim received his B.S in 2023 in Mechanical Engineering at Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. He is currently pursuing the M.S. in Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. His research interests include micro/nano-scaled metal structuring and design and fabrication of micro/nano structure using a carbonized vitreous carbon materials.
Chanwoo Kim received his B.S. in 2024 in Mechanical Engineering at Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. His research interests include 3D printing and its applications.
Hyunjin Na received her B.S. in 2024 from the School of Mechanical Engineering at Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Her research interest includes 3D printing and its applications.
Seongmin Lee received his M.S. in 2020 from the Department of Mechanical System Engineering at Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. He is currently pursuing a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. His research interests include design and fabrication of micro/nanostructures for optical biosensors, LED lighting, and fuel cell carbon support components.
Seongyong Byun received his M.S. in 2024 in Mechanical Engineering at Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. His research interests include design and fabrication of micro/nano scaled metal structuring and NOx/SOx monitoring system.
Suyeon Seok received her B.S. in 2023 in Mechanical & Design Engineering at Hongik University, Sejong, Republic of Korea. She is currently pursuing an M.S. at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Her research interests include fabrication of micro/nano structured glass molded components.
Young Kyu Kim received his Ph.D. in 2019 in Mechanical Engineering at Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. He is currently a Research Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. His research interests include design and fabrication of micro/nano structured devices using a carbonized vitreous carbon materials.
Seok-min Kim received his Ph.D. in 2007 in Mechanical Engineering at Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. He is currently a Professor in Mechanical Engineering at Chung-Ang University, Seoul. His current research interests include design and fabrication of micro/nanostructures for optical biosensors, micro fluidic chips, concentrator photovoltaic system, digital display, LED lighting, and enhanced boiling heat transfer surface.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kim, J.W., Kim, C., Na, H. et al. Fabrication of vitreous carbon grid structures by carbonization of 3D printed parts for water-oil separation. J Mech Sci Technol 38, 4557–4562 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-024-2409-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-024-2409-6