Abstract
The dual-bell nozzle is a kind of altitude adaptive nozzle for improving the performance of space launchers as well as future reusable launch vehicles. Numerical investigations have been conducted on a planar dual-bell nozzle to illustrate the flow characteristics at sea level, “sneak” transition, and altitude modes, respectively. Findings from computational fluid dynamics have been contrasted with experimental data from the open literature. The normalized pressure distributions along the dual-bell nozzle wall for different turbulence models are compared to the pressure measurements taken during the experiment by fixing the nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) at 29.8. The NPR value gradually rises across a large range from 6 to 55 to explore the evolution of the flow characteristics. The pressure distributions along the nozzle wall and shock position have been investigated. The hysteretic behaviors occur in dual-bell nozzles close to the contour inflection. The wall pressure and hysteresis behaviors have been expounded in detail.
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Abbreviations
- A :
-
Exit area
- A t :
-
Throat area
- M a :
-
Mach number
- NPRs :
-
Nozzle pressure ratios
- P 0 :
-
Inlet stagnation pressure
- P a :
-
Ambient pressure
- P c :
-
Centreline pressure
- P w :
-
Static pressure on the nozzle wall
- R 1 :
-
Radius of the base nozzle exit
- R 2 :
-
Radius of the extension nozzle exit
- R th :
-
Throat radius
- T 0 :
-
Stagnation temperature
- α :
-
Inflection angle
- ε 1 :
-
Base nozzle area ratio
- ε 2 :
-
Extension nozzle area ratio
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Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful for the support from the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. LQ22E 060002), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 52206058, No. 12002241), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Foundation (Grant No. 21022247-Y), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2020M681393), and Graduate Course Construction Project of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University (Grant No. YKC-202108).
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Kexin Wu received the Ph.D. degree from Andong National University in the Republic of Korea. Recently, Prof. Wu is working at Zhejiang Sci-Tech University in China. Prof. Wu’s research interests involve aeronautics and astronautics, and deep-sea mining.
Heuy-Dong Kim received Ph.D. from Kyushu University in Japan. Recently, Prof. Kim is working at Andong National University in the Republic of Korea. Prof. Kim’s research areas involve thrust vector control, pseudo-shock wave, shock wave/boundary layer interactions, shock wave and shock tube, supersonic wind tunnel technology, and high-speed fluid machinery.
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Wu, K., Sohn, G.C., Deng, R. et al. Study on wall pressure and hysteresis behaviors of a novel dual-bell nozzle. J Mech Sci Technol 37, 4639–4646 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-023-0819-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-023-0819-5