Abstract
The present work is aimed at unfolding the effect of fuel supply parameters such as Fuel injection pressure (FIP), Start of injection timing (SOI), Pilot-main injection intervals (PMII) on performance and emission characteristics of 20 % blend of Jatropha curcas biodiesel (J20) under light load operation of a diesel engine. The experiments were designed using design of experiments based on the fractional factorial design of Response surface methodology (RSM). Multiple regression models developed using RSM for measured responses like nitrogen oxides (NOX), SOOT, hydrocarbon (HC), Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and Brake thermal efficiency (BTE), were found to be statistically significant by Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Interactive effects among FIP, SOI and PMII were analyzed using response surface graphs that were fitted using developed RSM models. Optimization was performed using the desirability approach of the RSM for lesser emissions and BSFC simultaneously with superior BTE. A FIP of 134.11 MPa, SOI of 6.4 BTDC, and PMII of 5.8 CA were found to be optimal values for J20 in the test engine of 21 kW at 1800 rpm. The results of this study show that at optimal input parameters, the values of the NOX, SOOT, HC, BSFC and BTE with a high desirability of 96.7 % are 603.44 ppm, 0.037 FSN, 12.73 ppm, 233.26 g/kW h and 37.31 %, respectively.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
G. Karavalakis, K. C. Johnson, M. Hajbabaei and T. D. Durbin, Application of low-level biodiesel blends on heavyduty (diesel) engines: Feedstock implications on NOX and particulate emissions, Fuel, 181 (2016) 259–268.
C. Klessmann, A. Held, M. Rathmann and M. Ragwitz, Status and perspectives of renewable energy policy and deployment in the European Union—What is needed to reach the 2020 targets?, Energy Policy, 39 (2011) 7637–7657.
G. Knothe, A technical evaluation of biodiesel from vegetable oils vs. algae. Will algae-derived biodiesel perform?, Cheminform, 43 (2011) 3048–3065.
R. Luque, J. C. Lovett, B. Datta, J. Clancy, J. M. Campelo and A. A. Romero, Biodiesel as feasible petrol fuel replacement: a multidisciplinary overview, Energy & Environmental Science, 3 (2010) 1706–1721.
A. S. Silitonga, H. H. Masjuki, T. M. I. Mahlia, H. C. Ong, F. Kusumo, H. B. Aditiya and N. N. N. Ghazali, Schleichera oleosa L oil as feedstock for biodiesel production, Fuel, 156 (2015) 63–70.
M. M. Rahman, M. H. Hassan, M. A. Kalam, A. E. Atabani, L. A. Memon and S. M. A. Rahman, Performance and emission analysis of Jatropha curcas and Moringa oleifera methyl ester fuel blends in a multi-cylinder diesel engine, Journal of Cleaner Production, 65 (2014) 304–310.
J. Jeon and S. Park, Effects of pilot injection strategies on the flame temperature and soot distributions in an optical CI engine fueled with biodiesel and conventional diesel, Applied Energy, 160 (2015) 581–591.
A. Sanjid, H. Masjuki, M. Kalam, S. A. Rahman, M. Abedin and S. Palash, Production of palm and jatropha based biodiesel and investigation of palm-jatropha combined blend properties, performance, exhaust emission and noise in an unmodified diesel engine, J. of Cleaner Production, 65 (2014) 295–303.
G. Gonca and E. Dobrucali, Theoretical and experimental study on the performance of a diesel engine fueled with diesel–biodiesel blends, Renewable Energy, 93 (2016) 658–666.
S. K. Nayak, S. K. Nayak, P. C. Mishra and S. Tripathy, Influence of compression ratio on combustion characteristics of a VCR engine using Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel and diesel blends, J. of Mechanical Science and Technology, 29 (9) (2015) 4047–4052.
I. M. Monirul, H. H. Masjuki, M. A. Kalam, M. H. Mosarof, N. W. M. Zulkifli, Y. H. Teoh and H. G. How, Assessment of performance, emission and combustion characteristics of palm, jatropha and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel blends, Fuel, 181 (2016) 985–995.
A. Nalgundwar, B. Paul and S. K. Sharma, Comparison of performance and emissions characteristics of DI CI engine fueled with dual biodiesel blends of palm and jatropha, Fuel, 173 (2016) 172–179.
O. Hwaichyuan, H. H. Masjuki, T. M. I. Mahlia, A. S. Silitonga, W. T. Chong and K. Y. Leong, Optimization of biodiesel production and engine performance from high free fatty acid Calophyllum inophyllum oil in CI diesel engine, Energy Conversion & Management, 81 (2014) 30–40.
K. Cheikh, A. Sary, L. Khaled, L. Abdelkrim and T. Mohand, Experimental assessment of performance and emissions maps for biodiesel fueled compression ignition engine, Applied Energy, 161 (2016) 320–329.
D. Deshmukh, A. M. Mohan, T. N. C. Anand and R. V. Ravikrishna, Spray characterization of straight vegetable oils at high injection pressures, Fuel, 97 (2012) 879–883.
E. Torres-Jimenez, M. Kegl, R. Dorado and B. Kegl, Numerical injection characteristics analysis of various renewable fuel blends, Fuel, 97 (2012) 832–842.
H. Taghavifar, H. Taghavifar, A. Mardani, A. Mohebbi and S. Khalilarya, A numerical investigation on the wall heat flux in a DI diesel engine fueled with n-heptane using a coupled CFD and ANN approach, Fuel, 140 (2015) 227–236.
J. B. Hirkude and A. S. Padalkar, Performance optimization of CI engine fuelled with waste fried oil methyl ester-diesel blend using response surface methodology, Fuel, 119 (2014) 266–273.
A. Abuhabaya, J. Fieldhouse and D. Brown, The effects of using biodiesel on CI (compression ignition) engine and optimization of its production by using response surface methodology, Energy, 59 (2013) 56–62.
G. Khoobbakht, G. Najafi and M. Karimi, Optimization of operating factors and blended levels of diesel, biodiesel and ethanol fuels to minimize exhaust emissions of diesel engine using response surface methodology, Applied Thermal Engineering, 99 (2016) 1006–1017.
A. E. Dhole, R. B. Yarasu, D. B. Lata and S. S. Baraskar, Mathematical modeling for the performance and emission parameters of dual fuel diesel engine using hydrogen as secondary fuel, International J. of Hydrogen Energy, 39 (2014) 12991–13001.
T. Lee and R. D. Reitz, Response surface method optimization of a high-speed direct-injection diesel engine equipped with a common rail injection system, J. of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 125 (2003) 541–546.
Y. Meng, X. Wang, Z. Wu, S. Wang and T. M. Young, Optimization of cellulose nanofibrils carbon aerogel fabrication using response surface methodology, European Polymer J., 73 (2015) 137–148.
Y. Xie, L. Chen and L. Rui, Oxidation of AOX and organic compounds in pharmaceutical wastewater in RSM-optimized-Fenton system, Chemosphere, 155 (2016) 217.
M. A. Bezerra, R. E. Santelli, E. P. Oliveira, L. S. Villar and L. A. Escaleira, Response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization in analytical chemistry, Talanta, 76 (2008) 965–977.
T. Zhao, Y. Shi, X. Lin and T. Huang, Optimization of abrasive flow polishing process parameters for static blade ring based on response surface methodology, J. of Mechanical Science and Technology, 30 (3) (2016) 1085–1093.
O. Dogan, F. Karpat, C. Yuce, N. Kaya, N. Yavuz and H. Sen, A novel design procedure for tractor clutch fingers by using optimization and response surface methods, J. of Mechanical Science and Technology, 30 (6) (2016) 2615–2625.
M. Pandian, S. P. Sivapirakasam and M. Udayakumar, Investigation on the effect of injection system parameters on performance and emission characteristics of a twin cylinder compression ignition direct injection engine fuelled with pongamia biodiesel–diesel blend using response surface methodology, Applied Energy, 88 (2011) 2663–2676.
C. S. Aalam, C. Saravanan and B. P. Anand, Impact of high fuel injection pressure on the characteristics of CRDI diesel engine powered by mahua methyl ester blend, Applied Thermal Engineering, 106 (2016) 702–711.
J. I. J. Lalvani, M. Parthasarathy, B. Dhinesh and K. Annamalai, Pooled effect of injection pressure and turbulence inducer piston on performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine powered with biodiesel blend, Ecotoxicology And Environmental Safety, 134 (2016) 336-34.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Recommended by Associate Editor Jeong Park
Huaping Xu received the M.E. in Marine Engineering from Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China, in 2009. In 2014, he joined Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China, as a doctoral student. His research interests and activities have included performance optimization of internal combustion engine and laser diagnostics in combustion.
Bifeng Yin received the B.S., M.E. and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China, in 1998, 2001, and 2011, respectively. He is currently a Professor of Power Machinery and Engineering with Jiangsu University. His research interests and activities have included tribology, fuel spray and atomization, combustion and emissions control.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, H., Yin, B., Liu, S. et al. Performance optimization of diesel engine fueled with diesel–jatropha curcas biodiesel blend using response surface methodology. J Mech Sci Technol 31, 4051–4059 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-017-0753-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-017-0753-5