Abstract
Delamination fracture behavior was investigated using acoustic emission (AE) analysis on carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) samples manufactured using vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM). CFRP plate was fabricated using unidirectional carbon fiber fabric with a lay-up of six plies [+30/−30]6, and a Teflon film was inserted as a starter crack. Test pieces were sectioned from the inlet and vent of the mold, and packed between two rectangular epoxy plates to load using a universal testing machine. The AE signals were monitored during tensile loading using two sensors. The average tensile load of the inlet specimens was slightly larger than that of the vent specimens; however, the data exhibited significant scattering due to non-uniform resin distribution, and there was no statistically significant different between the strength of the samples sectioned from the inlet or outlet of the mold. Each of the specimens exhibited similar AE characteristics, regardless of whether they were from the inlet or vent of the mold. Four kinds of damage mechanism were observed: micro-cracking, fiber-resin matrix debonding, fiber pull-out, and fiber failure; and three stages of the crack propagation process were identified.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Y. Rachmadini, V. TAN and T. TAY, Enhancement of mechanical properties of composites through incorporation of CNT in VARTM — A review, J Reinf Plast Comp, 29 (18) (2010) 2782–2807.
Y. Ohya and T. Karasudani, A shrouded wind turbine generating high output power with wind-lens technology, Energies, 3 (4) (2010) 634–649.
A. Miravete, Processing and manufacturing composite design tutorial, Aero/Astro Department, Stanford University (2007).
J. L. Zhao, T. Fu, Y. Han and K. W. Xu, Reinforcing hydroxyapatite/thermosetting epoxy composite with 3-D carbon fiber fabric through RTM processing, Mater Lett, 58 (2004) 163–168.
J. F. Timmerman, B. S. Hayes and J. C. Seferis, Nanoclay reinforcement effects on the cryogenic microcracking of carbon fiber/epoxy composites, Compos Sci Technol, 62 (2002) 1249–1258.
J. Bozza, M. Erdal and S. Guceri, Resin transfer molding of continuous fiber-reinforced, particle-filled ceramic-ceramic composites: particle filtration, In: Proceedings of the 28th international SAMPE technical conference (1996).
A. Haque, M. Shamsuzzoha, F. Hussain and D. Dean, S2-glass/epoxy polymer nanocomposites: manufacturing, structures, thermal and mechanical properties. J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 20 (2003) 1439–1441.
S. W. Han, N. S. Choi and M. S. Lee, Analysis of glass fabric impregnation using a resin drop method, J. Mech. Sci. Technol., 26 (5) (2012) 1477–1482.
R. Johnson and R. Pitchumani, Enhancement of flow in VARTM using localized induction heating, Compos Sci. Technol., 63 (15) (2003) 2201–2215.
R. Johnson and R. Pitchumani, Flow control using localized induction heating in a VARTM process, Compos Sci Technol, 67 (3–4) (2007) 669–684.
D. Bender, J. Schuster and D. Heider, Flow rate control during vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) processing, Compos Sci Technol, 66 (13) (2006) 2265–2271.
N. Correia, F. Robitaille, A. C. Long, C. D. Rudd, P. Šimáček and S. G. Advani, Use of resin transfer molding simulation to predict flow, Saturation, and Compaction in the VARTM Process, J Fluid Eng-T ASME, 126 (2) (2004) 210–215.
N. Kuentzer, S. Pavel, S. G. Advani and S. Walsh, Correlation of void distribution to VARTM manufacturing techniques, Compos Part A-Appl S, 38 (3) (2007) 802–813.
L. Y. Lin, H. J. Lee, C. E. Hong, G. H. Yoo and S. G. Advani, Preparation and characterization of layered silicate/glass fiber/epoxy hybrid nanocomposites via vacuumassisted resin transfer molding (VARTM), Compos. Sci. Technol., 66 (13) (2006) 2116–2125.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This paper was presented at the FEOFS 2013, Jeju, Korea, June 9–13, 2013. Recommended by Guest Editor Jung-Il Song
Sang-Jae Yoon is a research fellow of the Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Japan. He received his Dr. Eng. degree from Kyushu University in 2014. His research interests include advanced composite materials, acoustic emission analysis and fracture behavior of engineering materials.
Kazuo Arakawa Kazuo Arakawa is a professor of the Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Japan. He received his Dr. Eng. degree from Osaka University in 1982. He stayed at University of Washington as a visiting researcher from 1988–1989. He has published over 200 papers in Japanese and International Journals on solid mechanics including fracture mechanics on polymers and composite materials, dental biomaterials, and impact phenomena of golf balls. He has received many academic awards including the Technology Award, the Best Paper Award from the Japanese Society of Experimental Mechanics and so on.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yoon, SJ., Chen, D., Han, SW. et al. AE analysis of delamination crack propagation in carbon fiber-reinforced polymer materials. J Mech Sci Technol 29, 17–21 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-014-1203-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-014-1203-2