Abstract
In the present paper, a digital image correlation (DIC) method is used to study the development of fracture process zones (FPZ) of different concrete materials in three-point bending test. Different concrete materials including original concrete, rubber concrete, self-compacting rubber concrete and pervious concrete are investigated. Firstly, the image of the FPZ and the crack opening displacement (COD) in FPZ is obtained by acquiring strain field and displacement field information. The relationship between the development of FPZ and the mechanical properties is further studied. It is found that there is a strong correlation between the FPZ and the post-peak strength reduction of concrete. The development characteristics of FPZ of different concrete materials are analyzed. The addition of rubber will result in stronger strain concentration in pre-peak stage compared to original concrete, and the FPZ will emerges at the earlier loading stage, but it can enhance the crack resistance of concrete in the post-peak stage. Self-compacting rubber concrete was observed to have higher bearing capacity and cracking resistance during fracture than that of the others. Pervious concrete has weak resistance to fracture, and there is almost no decline of the FPZ development rate in fracture process.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Arslan ME (2016) Effects of basalt and glass chopped fibers addition on fracture energy and mechanical properties of ordinary concrete: CMOD measurement. Construction and Building Materials 114: 383–391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.176
Bignozzi MC, Sandrolini F (2006) Tyre rubber waste recycling in self-compacting concrete. Cement and Concrete Research 36(4):735–739, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.12.011
Carpinteri A, Fortese G, Ronchei C, Scorza D, Vantadori S (2017) Mode I fracture toughness of fibre reinforced concrete. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 91:66–75, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2017.03.015
Dong W, Rong H, Wu Q, Li J (2018) Investigations on the FPZ evolution of concrete after sustained loading by means of the DIC technique. Construction and Building Materials 188:49–57, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.077
Dong W, Zhou X, Wu Z (2013) On fracture process zone and crack extension resistance of concrete based on initial fracture toughness. Construction and Building Materials 49:352–363, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.08.041
Gali S, Subramaniam KV (2017) Evaluation of crack propagation and post-cracking hinge-type behavior in the flexural response of steel fiber reinforced concrete. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials 11(2):365–375, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40069-017-0197-4
Galouei M, Fakhimi A (2015) Size effect, material ductility and shape of fracture process zone in quasi-brittle materials. Computers and Geotechnics 65:126–135, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.12.010
Ghamgosar M, Erarslan N (2016) Experimental and numerical studies on development of fracture process zone (FPZ) in rocks under cyclic and static loadings. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 49(3): 893–908, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-015-0793-z
Guan D, Guo Z, Jiang C, Yang S, Yang H (2019) Experimental evaluation of precast concrete beam-column connections with high-strength steel rebars. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 23(1):238–250, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-018-1807-7
Guinea GV, El-Sayed K, Rocco CG, Elices M, Planas J (2002) The effect of the bond between the matrix and the aggregates on the cracking mechanism and fracture parameters of concrete. Cement and Concrete Research 32(12):1961–1970, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00902-X
Guo Y, Chen X, Li X, Li S, Guo S (2019) Experimental study on fracture behavior of three-graded concrete under cyclic loading after initial static loading. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 103:102272, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2019.102272
Hu XZ, Wittmann FH (1992) Fracture energy and fracture process zone. Materials and Structures 25(6):319–326, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02472590
Ibrahim A, Mahmoud E, Yamin M, Patibandla VC (2014) Experimental study on Portland cement pervious concrete mechanical and hydrological properties. Construction and Building Materials 50: 524–529, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.09.022
Jenq Y, Shah SP (1985) Two parameter fracture model for concrete. Journal of Engineering Mechanics 111(10):1227–1241, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1985)111:10(1227)
Khatib ZK, Bayomy FM (1999) Rubberized Portland cement concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 11(3):206–213, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1999)11:3(206)
Kim KW, El Hussein M (1997) Variation of fracture toughness of asphalt concrete under low temperatures. Construction and building Materials 11(7–8):403–411, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(97)00030-5
Kim SW, Lee SS, Kim NS, Kim DJ (2013) Numerical model validation for a prestressed concrete girder bridge by using image signals. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 17(4):509–517, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-013-0560-1
Kozicki J, Tejchman J (2007) Experimental investigations of strain localization in concrete using digital image correlation (DIC) technique. Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics 54(1):3–24
Lee HS, Lee H, Moon JS, Jung HW (1998) Development of tire added latex concrete. Materials Journal 95(4):356–364
Li G, Stubblefield MA, Garrick G, Eggers J, Abadie C, Huang B (2004) Development of waste tire modified concrete. Cement and Concrete Research 34(12):2283–2289, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.04.013
Marar K, Eren Ö, Roughani H (2017) The influence of amount and aspect ratio of fibers on shear behaviour of steel fiber reinforced concrete. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 21(5):1393–1399, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-016-0787-2
Meng W, Yao Y, Mobasher B, Khayat KH (2017) Effects of loading rate and notch-to-depth ratio of notched beams on flexural performance of ultra-high-performance concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites 83:349–359, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.07.026
Mirzazadeh MM, Green MF (2018) Fiber optic sensors and digital image correlation for measuring deformations in reinforced concrete beams. Journal of Bridge Engineering 23(3), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001189
Mirzazadeh MM, Noël M, Green MF (2016) Effects of low temperature on the static behaviour of reinforced concrete beams with temperature differentials. Construction and Building Materials 112:191–201, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.216
Otsuka K, Date H (2000) Fracture process zone in concrete tension specimen. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 65(2–3):111–131, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7944(99)00111-3
Pelisser F, Zavarise N, Longo TA, Bernardin AM (2011) Concrete made with recycled tire rubber: Effect of alkaline activation and silica fume addition. Journal of Cleaner Production 19(6–7):757–763, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.11.014
Rechenmacher AL, Finno RJ (2004) Digital image correlation to evaluate shear banding in dilative sands. Geotechnical Testing Journal 27(1):13–22, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ11263J
Reda Taha MM, El-Dieb AS, Abd El-Wahab MA, Abdel-Hameed ME (2008) Mechanical fracture and microstructural investigations of rubber concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 20(10): 640–649, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2008)20:10(640)
Ritchie RO (2011) The conflicts between strength and toughness. Nature Materials 10(11):817–822, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3115
Rossi M, Lava P, Pierron F, Debruyne D, Sasso M (2015) Effect of DIC spatial resolution noise and interpolation error on identification results with the VFM. Strain 51(3):206–222, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/str.12134
Saouma VE, Broz JJ, Brühwiler E, Boggs HL (1991) Effect of aggregate and specimen size on fracture properties of dam concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 3(3):204–218, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1991)3:3(204)
Sayadi A, Neitzert TR, Clifton GC, Han MC, De Silva K (2018) Ultralightweight concrete containing expanded poly-lactic acid as lightweight aggregate. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 22(10):4083–4094, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-018-1976-4
Shah SP (1990) Determination of fracture parameters (K SIC and CTODC) of plain concrete using three-point bend tests. Materials and Structures 23: 457–460, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02472029
Thomas BS, Gupta RC (2015) Long term behaviour of cement concrete containing discarded tire rubber. Journal of Cleaner Production 102: 78–87, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.04.072
Wittman FH (1985) Determination of the fracture energy of mortar and concrete by means of three-point bend tests on notched beams. Materials and Structures 18(106):285–290, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02472918
Wu Z, Rong H, Zheng J, Xu F, Dong W (2011) An experimental investigation on the FPZ properties in concrete using digital image correlation technique. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 78(17): 2978–2990, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2011.08.016
Xu J, Fu Z, Han Q, Lacidogna G, Carpinteri A (2018) Micro-cracking monitoring and fracture evaluation for crumb rubber concrete based on acoustic emission techniques. Structural Health Monitoring 17(4):946–958, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1475921717730538
Xu S, Zhang X (2008) Determination of fracture parameters for crack propagation in concrete using an energy approach. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 75(15):4292–4308, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech2008.04.022
Yang RC (2014) A regularized finite-element digital image correlation for irregular displacement field. Optics and Lasers in Engineering 56:67–73, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2013.12.013
Yang J, Jiang G (2003) Experimental study on properties of pervious concrete pavement materials. Cement and Concrete Research 33(3): 381–386, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00966-3
Yaofeng S, Pang JHL (2007) Study of optimal subset size in digital image correlation of speckle pattern images. Optics and Lasers in Engineering 45(9):967–974, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2007.01.012
Yuan J, Chen X, Liu S, Li S, Shen N (2018) Effect of water head, gradation of clogging agent, and horizontal flow velocity on the clogging characteristics of pervious concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 30(9):04018215, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002410
Yung WH, Yung LC, Hua LH (2013) A study of the durability properties of waste tire rubber applied to self-compacting concrete. Construction and Building Materials 41:665–672, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.11.019
Zhang Z, Ansari F (2005) Crack tip opening displacement in micro-cracked concrete by an embedded optical fiber sensor. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 72(16):2505–2518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2005.03.007
Zhao YR, Wang L, Lei ZK, Han XF, Xing YM (2017) Experimental study on dynamic mechanical properties of the basalt fiber reinforced concrete after the freeze-thaw based on the digital image correlation method. Construction and Building Materials 147:194–202, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.133
Zhu R, Xie H, Hu Z, Jiang L, Guo B, Li C (2015) Performances of different subset shapes and control points in subset-based digital image correlation and their applications in boundary deformation measurement. Applied Optics 54(6):1290–1301, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.54.001290
Acknowledgements
This research work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51779085), and the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology (No. 2017QNRC001) granted to the corresponding author Xudong Chen.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, S., Chen, X. & Guo, S. Evaluation of Fracture Process Zone in the Flexural Response of Different Concrete Materials Using DIC Method. KSCE J Civ Eng 24, 2435–2448 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-0255-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-0255-3