Abstract
Experimental work was carried out to study the effect of using steel slag (SS) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) as replacements for the natural aggregate in concrete. Waste materials, such as SS, which is a by-product generated during the production of steel and concrete rubble, which is produced by demolition activities, are dumped in landfill. These waste materials are considered non-degradable and have a negative impact on the environment. They have become such attributes for possible replacements for natural aggregates in the production of concrete. In the present work, SS and RCA were physically and chemically characterized. The next step of the work plan, SS was employed as a partial replacement for (sand) fine aggregate and also RCA was applied as a partial replacement for (gravel) coarse aggregate. The proportions of SS and RCA were calculated based on the criterion of particle size after performing sieve analysis according to the American Concrete Institute standards. These two replacement materials were used to replace the natural aggregate in M40-grade concrete by proportions of 0%, 15%, 25%, 35%, and 45% by weight and the performance of the resulting mixes was compared against that of the original M40-grade concrete. In the comparison, the concrete mixes were examined for the mechanical properties -compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength. The results showed by introducing SS into the concrete containing RCA caused an increment in the mechanical properties. In addition, the best result was produced with a mix consisting of 25% steel slag and 15% recycled concrete aggregate.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Alizadeh, A. R., Chini, M., Ghods, P., Hoseini, M., Montazer, Sh., and Shekarchi, M. (2003). “Utilization of electric arc furnace slag as aggregates in concrete.” International Conference on Recent Advances in Concrete Technology, Bucharest, Romania, pp. 451–464.
Andreu, G. and Miren, E. (2014). “Experimental analysis of properties of high performance recycled aggregate concrete.” Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 52, pp. 227–235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.054.
Buck, A. D. (1977). “Recycled aggregate as a source of aggregate.” ACI Journal, Vol. 74, No. 5, pp. 212–219.
Chen, H., Yen, T., and Chen, K. (2003). “Use of building rubbles as recycled aggregates.” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 125–132, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00938-9.
Chunlin, L., Kunpeng, Z., and Depeng, C. (2011). “Possibility of concrete prepared with steel slag as fine and coarse aggregates.” Procedia Engineering, Vol. 24, pp. 412–416, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.2667.
Etxeberria, M., Vázquez, E., Marí, A., and Barra, M. (2007). “Influence of amount of recycled coarse aggregates and production process on properties of recycled aggregate concrete.” Cementand Concrete Research, Vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 735–742, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.02.002.
Furlani, E., Tonello, G., and Maschio, S. (2010). “Recycling of steel slag and glass cullet from energy saving lamps by fast firing production of ceramics.” Waste Management, Vol. 30, Nos. 8–9, pp. 1714–1719, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.03.030.
Gayarre, F. L., Perez, C. L., Lopez, M. S., and Cabo, A. D. (2014). “The effect of curing conditions on the compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete.” Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 53, pp. 260–266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.112.
Kalpavalli, A. and Naik, S. M. (2015). “Use of demolished concrete wastes as coarse aggregates in high strength concrete production.” International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, Vol. 4, No. 7, pp. 1040–1045, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.054.
Olorunsogo, F. T. (1999). “Early age properties of recycled aggregate concrete.” Proc. of the International Seminar on Exploiting Wastes in Concrete, Dunbee, UK, No. 7, pp. 163–170.
Poon, C. and Chan, D. (2006). “The use of recycled aggregate in concrete in Hong Kong.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 293–305, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2006.06.005.
Qasrawi, H. (2014). “The use of steel slag aggregate to enhance the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete and retain the environment.” Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 54, pp. 298–304, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.12.063.
Qasrawi, H., Shalabi, F., and Asi, I. (2007). “Effect of unprocessed steel slag on the strength of concrete when used as fine aggregate.” Proc. of the 2nd ACI-KC Conference, Kuwait City, Kuwait, pp. 227–237.
Rahal, K. (2007). “Mechanical properties of concrete with recycled coarse aggregate.” Building and Environment, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 407–415, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.07.033.
Ravikumar, H., Dattatreya, J. K., and Shivananda, K. P. (2015). “Experimental investigation on replacement of steel slag as coarse aggregate in concrete.” Journal of Civil Engineering and Environmental Technology, Vol. 2, No. 11, p. 5863.
Safiuddin, Md., Alengaram, U. J., Salam, M. A., Jumaat, M. Z., Jaafar, F. F., and Saad, H. B. (2011). “Properties of high-workability concrete with recycled concrete aggregate.” Materials Research, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 1–8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-14392011005000039.
Tam, V. W., Tam, C. M., and Wang, Y. (2007). “Optimization on proportion for recycled aggregate in concrete using two-stage mixing approach.” Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 21, No. 10, pp. 1928–1939, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.05.040.
Topçu, I. B. and Gunçan, N. F. (1995). “Using waste concrete as Aaggregate.” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 25, No. 7, pp. 1385–1390, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/00088846(95)00131-U.
Topcu, I. B. and Sengel, S. (2004). “Properties of concretes produced with waste concrete aggregate.” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 34, pp. 1307–1312, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.12.019.
Yong, P. C. and Teo, D. C. L. (2009). “Utilisation of recycled aggregate as coarse aggregate in concrete.” Journal of Civil Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1–6, DOI: https://doi.org/10.33736/j.cest.60.2009.
Acknowledgements
Not Applicable
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sharba, A.A. The Efficiency of Steel Slag and Recycled Concrete Aggregate on the Strength Properties of Concrete. KSCE J Civ Eng 23, 4846–4851 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-0700-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-0700-3