Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the behavior of existing Reinforced Concrete (RC) frames strengthened with L-type Precast Concrete (PC) wall panels under cyclic loads. The idea is to remove the brick walls with windows inside the RC frames and to strengthen the frames using L-type PC wall panels, thus transforming the existing brick infill into a strong and rigid PC infill. Herein, a technique using dowels (i.e. post-installed anchors) to fix a PC wall panel firmly to a RC frame is proposed. This technique is to anchor dowels through pre-installed holes in a PC wall panel. A total of six full-scale, one-bay, one-story RC frames were constructed and tested under reverse cyclic loading. Four L-type PC wall panels with large openings were used for strengthening the RC frames. As a result, the lateral strength, stiffness, and energy dissipation capability of the frame was greatly improved. Specifically, the more dowels that were used to fix the vertical part of a PC wall panel to an RC column and the thicker the PC wall panel, the better the seismic resistance of the frame.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
ACI Committee 318 (2011). “Appendix D.” 318M–11: Building code requirement for structural concrete and commentary, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan, USA, pp. 417–465.
ACI Committee 374 (2014). 374.1.05: Acceptance criteria for moment frames based on structural testing and commentary, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan, USA.
Akin, A. and Sezer, R. (2016). “A study on strengthening of reinforced concrete frames using precast concrete panels.” KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, KSCE, Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 1–8, DOI: 10.1007/s12205-016-0188-z.
Altin, S., Anil, O., and Kara, M. E. (2008). “Strengthening of RC nonductile frames with RC infills: An experimental study.” Cement and Concrete Composites, Elsevier, Vol. 30, No. 7, pp. 612–621, DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2007.07.003.
Altin, S., Ersoy, U., and Tankut, T. (1992). “Hysteretic response of reinforced concrete infilled frames.” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 118, No. 8, pp. 2133–2150, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001042.
Baran, M. and Aktas, M. (2013). “Occupant friendly seismic retrofit by concrete plates.” Journal of Zhejiang University: Science A, Springer, Vol. 14, No. 11, pp. 789–804, DOI: 10.1631/jzus.A1200324.
Baran, M., Aktas, M., and Aykaç, S. (2014). “Strengthening of plastered hollow brick infill walls using strip concrete/reinforced concrete panels.” Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, Celal Bayar Bulvari, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 23–33.
Baran, M., Okuyucu, D., Susoy, M., and Tankut, T. (2011). “Seismic strengthening of reinforced concrete frames by precast concrete panels.” Magazine of Concrete Research, ICE, Vol. 63, No. 5, pp. 321–332, DOI: 10.1680/macr.10.0003.
Baran, M. and Tankut, T. (2011a). “Experimental study on seismic strengthening of reinforced concrete frames by precast concrete panels.” ACI Structural Journal, American Concrete Institute, Vol. 108, No. 2, pp. 227–237.
Baran, M. and Tankut, T. (2011b). “Retrofit of non-ductile RC frames with Precast Concrete (PC) wall panels.” Advances in Structural Engineering, Sage, Vol. 14, No. 6, pp. 1149–1166.
Baran, M., ÖZçelik, R., Sevil, T., and Canbay, E. (2013). “Modelling of strengthened hollow brick infills.” Magazine of Concrete Research, ICE, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 257–271, DOI: 10.1680/macr.12.00076.
Frosch, R. J., Li, W., Jirsa, J. O., and Kreger, M. E. (1996). “Retrofit of non-ductile moment-resisting frames using precast infill wall panels.” Earthquake Spectra, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 741–760, DOI: 10.1193/1.1585908.
Kahn, L. F. and Hanson, R. D. (1979). “Infilled walls for earthquake strengthening.” Journal of Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 105, No. 2, pp. 283–296.
Kaltakci, M. Y. and Yavuz, G. (2014). “The seismic improvement and control of weak concrete frames with partial concrete shear walls.” Journal of Vibration and Control, Sage, Vol. 20, No. 8, pp. 1239–1256, DOI: 10.1177/1077546312467220.
Kara, M. E. and Altin, S. (2006). “Behavior of reinforced concrete frames with reinforced concrete partial infills.” ACI Structural Journal, American Concrete Institute, Vol. 103, No. 5, pp. 701–709.
Kesner, K. and Billington, S. L. (2005). “Investigation of infill panels made from engineered cementitious composites for seismic strengthening and retrofit.” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 131, No.11, pp. 1712–1720, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445 (2005)131:11(1712).
Midas Gen 2017 V860 R3. (2017). MIDAS Information Technology Co. Ltd., Republic of Korea.
Sonuvar, M. O., Ozcebe, G., and Ersoy, U. (2004). “Rehabilitation of reinforced concrete frames with reinforced concrete infills.” ACI Structural Journal, American Concrete Institute, Vol. 101, No. 4, pp. 494–500.
Turk, A. M., Ersoy, U., and Ozcebe, G. (2006). “Effect of introducing RC infill on seismic performance of damaged RC frames.” Structural Engineering and Mechanics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 469–486, DOI: 10.12989/sem.2006.23.5.469.
Yu, S. U., Ju, H. S., and Son, G. W. (2015a). “Analysis on the flexural behavior of existing reinforced concrete frame structures infilled with L-Type precast wall panel.” Journal of the Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures, Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 52–62, DOI: 10.11004/kosacs.2015.6.2.052.
Yu, S. U., Ju, H. S., and Ha, S. K. (2015b). “Analysis on the shear behavior of existing reinforced concrete frame structures infilled with L-Type precast wall panel.” Journal of the Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures, Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 105–117, DOI: 10.11004/kosacs.2015.6.2.105.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ha, S.K., Yu, S.Y. & Kim, J.S. Experimental Study on Existing Reinforced Concrete Frames Strengthened by L-type Precast Concrete Wall Panels to Earthquake-Proof Buildings. KSCE J Civ Eng 22, 3579–3591 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-018-1197-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-018-1197-x