Abstract
This study focuses on the adsorption of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), a harmful heavy metal, using two types of chlorella-based biochar (biochar pyrolyzed at 200 °C (CB200) and iron chloride (FeCl3)-modified biochar pyrolyzed at 200 °C (FeCB200)), and the testing of their effectiveness for the removal of Cr(VI). The FeCB200 sample exhibited the highest removal efficiency (1 g L−1=66.12±1.01%; 5 g L−1=98.48±0.22%) compared to raw biomass (1 g L−1=54.05±0.00%; 5 g L−1=90.09±0.26%) and CB200 (1 g L−1=51.80±0.78%; 5 g L−1=94.74±0.26%) in 100 mg L−1 Cr(VI) solution. The adsorbents were characterized using various characterization techniques, and adsorption experiments were carried out using varying doses of the adsorbent (1 and 5 g L−1). Pseudo-second-order model provided the best fit for the adsorption kinetics, and Redlich-Peterson model exhibited good fitting for the adsorption isotherm (R2>0.972), although variations were observed depending on the dose. Further, the applicability of FeCB200 was assessed using real wastewater spiked with Cr(VI). Although the presence of organic matter resulted in a reduction in the adsorption effectiveness of FeCB200, the difference was not significant (1 g L−1=54.27±3.19%; 5 g L−1=98.48±0.22%). These results demonstrate the promising potential of FeCl3-modified chlorella-based biochar as a valuable adsorbent for the Cr(VI) removal from water environments.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
W. S. Chai, J. Y. Cheun, P. S. Kumar, M. Mubashir, Z. Majeed, F. Banat, S.-H. Ho and P. L. Show, J. Clean. Prod., 296, 126589 (2021).
A. E. Burakov, E. V. Galunin, I. V. Burakova, A. E. Kucherova, S. Agarwal, A. G. Tkachev and V. K. Gupta, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 148, 702 (2018).
Y.-J. Lee, C.-Y. Son, C.-G. Lee, Y. J. Jeong, I. S. Cho, S.-J. Park and J. Lee, Alexandria Eng. J., 75, 151 (2023).
X. Wang, J. Xu, J. Liu, J. Liu, F. Xia, C. Wang, R. A. Dahlgren and W. Liu, Sci. Total Environ., 700, 134414 (2020).
C.-G. Lee, J.-A. Park, J.-W. Choi, S.-O. Ko and S.-H. Lee, Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 227(8) (2016).
M. Xu, X. Ma, Y. Chen, L. Hu, B. Wang and M. Qiu, J. Mol. Liq., 366, 120262 (2022).
G. Lian, B. Wang, X. Lee, L. Li, T. Liu and W. Lyu, Sci. Total Environ., 697, 134119 (2019).
Z. Fan, Q. Zhang, B. Gao, M. Li, C. Liu and Y. Qiu, Chemosphere, 217, 85 (2019).
Y. Ren, Y. Han, X. Lei, C. Lu, J. Liu, G. Zhang, B. Zhang and Q. Zhang, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 604, 125279 (2020).
L. Li, J. Zhang, Y. Li and C. Yang, J. Membr. Sci., 544, 333 (2017).
Y. Yi, X. Wang, J. Ma and P. Ning, Environ. Res., 189, 109912 (2020).
Y. Chen, B. Wang, J. Xin, P. Sun and D. Wu, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 164, 440 (2018).
S. Karthick, R. Palani, D. Sivakumar and N. Meyyappan, Membr. Water Treatment, 13(5), 209 (2022).
J. H. Park, Y. S. Ok, S. H. Kim, J. S. Cho, J. S. Heo, R. D. Delaune and D. C. Seo, Chemosphere, 142, 77 (2016).
B. Qiu, X. Tao, H. Wang, W. Li, X. Ding and H. Chu, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 155, 105081 (2021).
J. Xu, Y. Yin, Z. Tan, B. Wang, X. Guo, X. Li and J. Liu, J. Environ. Sci. (China), 78, 109 (2019).
A. A. Khan, J. Gul, S. R. Naqvi, I. Ali, W. Farooq, R. Liaqat, H. AlMohamadi, L. Stepanec and D. Juchelkova, Chemosphere, 306, 135565 (2022).
X. Jiang, X. Yin, Y. Tian, S. Zhang, Y. Liu, Z. Deng, Y. Lin and L. Wang, Sci. Total Environ., 813, 152488 (2022).
M. Yadav, V. Kumar, N. Sandal and M. K. Chauhan, J. Appl. Phycol., 34(6), 2743 (2022).
A. M. Lizzul, A. Lekuona-Amundarain, S. Purton and L. C. Campos, Biology (Basel), 7(2), 25 (2018).
J. Qu, Y. Wang, X. Tian, Z. Jiang, F. Deng, Y. Tao, Q. Jiang, L. Wang and Y. Zhang, J. Hazard. Mater., 401, 123292 (2021).
H. Zeng, H. Zeng, H. Zhang, A. Shahab, K. Zhang, Y. Lu, I. Nabi, F. Naseem and H. Ullah, J. Clean. Prod., 286, 124964 (2021).
Y. Luo, L. Zeng, Y. Zhao, Z. Zhao, M. Wei, B. Jiang, J. Fan and D. Li, J. Water Process Eng., 47, 102743 (2022).
Z. Feng, N. Chen, C. Feng and Y. Gao, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 551, 17 (2018).
D. Patwa, U. Bordoloi, A. A. Dubey, K. Ravi, S. Sekharan and P. Kalita, Sci. Total Environ., 833, 155253 (2022).
M. Ahmad, A. U. Rajapaksha, J. E. Lim, M. Zhang, N. Bolan, D. Mohan, M. Vithanage, S. S. Lee and Y. S. Ok, Chemosphere, 99, 19 (2014).
X. Zhang, L. Lv, Y. Qin, M. Xu, X. Jia and Z. Chen, Bioresour. Technol., 256, 1 (2018).
Y.-J. Lee, J.-I. Lee, C.-G. Lee and S.-J. Park, Membr. Water Treatment, 14(1), 1 (2023).
S. Rangabhashiyam and P. Balasubramanian, Bioresour. Technol. Rep., 5, 261 (2019).
F. X. Dong, L. Yan, X. H. Zhou, S. T. Huang, J. Y. Liang, W. X. Zhang, Z. W. Guo, P. R. Guo, W. Qian, L. J. Kong, W. Chu and Z. H. Diao, J. Hazard. Mater., 416, 125930 (2021).
J.-H. Chu, J.-K. Kang, S.-J. Park and C.-G. Lee, J. Water Process Eng., 37, 101455 (2020).
A. Ateş and K. O. Oskay, Surf. Interfaces, 29, 101733 (2022).
H. Fu, S. Ma, P. Zhao, S. Xu and S. Zhan, Chem. Eng. J., 360, 157 (2019).
A. Shan, A. Idrees, W. Q. Zaman, Z. Abbas, M. Ali, M. S. U. Rehman, S. Hussain, M. Danish, X. Gu and S. Lyu, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 9(1), 104808 (2021).
X. Li, J. Xu, X. Luo and J. Shi, Bioresour. Technol., 360, 127526 (2022).
F. Sotoudehniakarani, A. Alayat and A. G. McDonald, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 139, 258 (2019).
Z. Yang, J. Hou, J. Wu and L. Miao, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 225, 112750 (2021).
K. Govindaraju, R. Vinu, R. Gautam, R. Vasantharaja, M. Niranjan and I. Sundar, Biomass Conv. Biorefinery (2022).
J. S. Lazarotto, K. da Boit Martinello, J. Georgin, D. S. P. Franco, M. S. Netto, D. G. A. Piccilli, L. F. O. Silva, E. C. Lima and G. L. Dotto, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 180, 67 (2022).
Z. Xu, Z. Sun, Y. Zhou, W. Chen, T. Zhang, Y. Huang, D. Zhang, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 582, 123934 (2019).
Y. Cui, A. Masud, N. Aich and J. D. Atkinson, J. Hazard. Mater., 368, 477 (2019).
S. Rawat, K. Samreen, A. K. Nayak, J. Singh and J. R. Koduru, Environ. Nanotechnol., Monitoring Manag., 15, 100426 (2021).
F. Yang, Y. Jiang, M. Dai, X. Hou and C. Peng, J. Hazard. Mater., 424(Pt C), 127542 (2022).
Y. Wei, S. Wei, C. Liu, T. Chen, Y. Tang, J. Ma, K. Yin and S. Luo, Water Res., 167, 115107 (2019).
Y. Yi, X. Wang, J. Ma and P. Ning, Powder Technol., 388, 485 (2021).
S. Sun, X. Zeng, Y. Gao, W. Zhang, L. Zhou, X. Zeng, W. Liu, Q. Jiang, C. Jiang and S. Wang, J. Clean. Prod., 317, 128412 (2021).
L. Yan, F.-X. Dong, X. Lin, X.-H. Zhou, L.-J. Kong, W. Chu and Z.-H. Diao, Environ. Technol. Innov., 24, 102057 (2021).
L. Yan, F.-X. Dong, Y. Li, P.-R. Guo, L.-J. Kong, W. Chu and Z.-H. Diao, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 10(2), 107396 (2022).
S. Moon, J. Ryu, J. Hwang and C. G. Lee, Chemosphere, 313, 137448 (2023).
A. A. Lawal, M. A. Hassan, M. A. Ahmad Farid, T. A. Tengku Yasim-Anuar, M. H. Samsudin, M. Z. Mohd Yusoff, M. R. Zakaria, M. N. Mokhtar and Y. Shirai, Environ. Pollut., 269, 116197 (2021).
S. Shi, J. Yang, S. Liang, M. Li, Q. Gan, K. Xiao and J. Hu, Sci. Total Environ., 628–629, 499 (2018).
A. Kumar Prajapati and M. Kumar Mondal, J. Mol. Liq., 349, 118161 (2022).
Z. Wan, D. W. Cho, D. C. W. Tsang, M. Li, T. Sun and F. Verpoort, Environ. Pollut., 247, 410 (2019).
Y. Cheng, B. Wang, J. Shen, P. Yan, J. Kang, W. Wang, L. Bi, X. Zhu, Y. Li, S. Wang, L. Shen and Z. Chen, J. Hazard. Mater., 432, 128757 (2022).
L. Min, Z. Zhongsheng, L. Zhe and W. Haitao, Ecol. Eng., 149, 105792 (2020).
Y. Han, X. Cao, X. Ouyang, S. P. Sohi and J. Chen, Chemosphere, 145, 336 (2016).
Y. Wang, Q. Yang, J. Chen, J. Yang, Y. Zhang, Y. Chen, X. Li, W. Du, A. Liang, S. H. Ho and J. S. Chang, J. Hazard. Mater., 395, 122658 (2020).
C. Shen, L. Gu, S. Chen, Y. Jiang, P. Huang, H. Li, H. Yu and D. Xia, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 10(6), 108575 (2022).
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by R&D Project of the Korea Mine Rehabilitation and Mineral Resources Corporation in 2023.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Moon, S., Lee, CG., Shin, GA. et al. Efficient removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from wastewater using FeCl3-modified Chlorella-based biochar. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 40, 2957–2964 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-023-1545-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-023-1545-5