Abstract
Integral abutment bridges (IABs) minimize deterioration and degradation of the abutment seats and bearings due to water, dirt, and deicing chemicals by eliminating bearings and expansion joints. Although the continuity between superstructure and abutments in an IAB is beneficial for reducing maintenance costs, it leads to more complex behavior under strength and service loading (temperature and traffic) and extreme loading (earthquake). The coupling of superstructure and substructure behavior necessitates system-level analysis of IABs. Prior seismic IAB studies have typically investigated the behavior of individual IAB components, however a gap of knowledge has developed due to the lack of studies and investigation about the behavior of all IAB components and their interactions with each other in a single analysis model. This study uses nonlinear static and dynamic analyses to investigate and assess the seismic behavior of IABs typical to the state of Illinois. The analyses aim to bridge the gap of knowledge by evaluating IABs as a whole and utilizing the results to indicate potential vulnerabilities in the design and construction of IABs in Illinois during design-level and larger seismic events, which could not be identified by component-level IAB analyses alone.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) (2011), Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design, 2nd Edition, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington DC, USA.
Argyroudis S, Palaiochorinou A, Mitoulis S and Pitilakis D (2016), “Use of Rubberised Backfills for Improving the Seismic Response of Integral Abutment Bridges,” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 14(12): 3573–3590.
Aviram A, Mackie KR and Stojadinovic B (2008), “Effect of Abutment Modeling on the Seismic Response of Bridge Structures,” Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 7(4): 395–402.
Baker JW and Cornell CA (2006), “Spectral Shape, Epsilon and Record Selection,” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 35(9): 1077–1095.
Berry MP, Lehman DE and Lowes LN (2008), “Lumped-Plasticity Models for Performance Simulation of Bridge Columns,” ACI Structural Journal, 105(3): 270–279.
Burdette EG, Ingram EE, Tidwell JB, Goodpasture DW, Deatherage JH and Howard SC (2004), “Behavior of Integral Abutments Supported by Steel H-Piles,” Transportation Research Record, 1892(1): 24–28.
Civjan S, Kalayci E, Quinn BH, Brena SF and Allen CA (2013), “Observed Integral Abutment Bridge Superstructure Response,” Engineering Structures, 56: 1177–1191.
Filipov ET, Fahnestock LA, Steelman JS, Hajjar JF, LaFave JM and Foutch DA (2013a), “Evaluation of Quasi-Isolated Seismic Bridge Behavior Using Nonlinear Bearing Models,” Engineering Structures, 49: 168–181.
Filipov ET, Revell JR, Fahnestock LA, LaFave JM, Hajjar JF, Foutch DA and Steelman JS (2013b), “Seismic Performance of Highway Bridges with Fusing Bearing Components for Quasi-Isolation,” Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 42(9): 1375–1394.
Fiorentino G, Cenzig C, De Luca F, Mylonakis G, Karamitros D, Dietz M, Dihoru L, Lavorato D, Briseghella B, Isakovic T, Vrettos C, Gomes AT, Sextos A and Nuti C (2020), “Integral Abutment Bridges: Investigation of Seismic Soil-Structure Interaction Effects by Shaking Table Testing,” Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 50(6): 1517–1538.
Franchin P and Pinto PE (2014), “Performance-Based Seismic Design of Integral Abutment Bridges,” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 12(2): 939–960.
Frosch RJ, Kreger ME and Talbott AM (2009), Earthquake Resistance of Integral Abutment Bridges, Indiana Department of Transportation, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Ghotbi AR (2014), “Performance-Based Seismc Assessment of Skewed Bridges with and Without Considering Soil-Foundation Interaction Effects for Various Site Classes,” Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 13(3): 357–373.
Goulet CA, Kishida T, Ancheta TD, Cramer CH, Darragh RB, Silva WJ, Hashash YMA, Harmon J, Stewart JP, Wooddell KE and Youngs RR (2014), PEER Report No. 2014–17: PEER NGA-East Database, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Huang J, Shield CK and French CEW (2008), “Parametric Study of Concrete Integral Abutment Bridges,” Journal of Bridge Engineering, 13(5): 511–526.
Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) (2012a), Bridge Manual, Illinois Department of Transportation, Springfield, IL, USA.
Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) (2012b), All Bridge Designers Memo 12.3: 2012 Integral Abutment Bridge Policies and Details, Illinois Department of Transportation, Springfield, IL, USA.
Itani AM and Peckan G (2011), Seismic Performance of Steel Plate Girder Bridges with Integral Abutments, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.
Kotsoglou AN and Pantazopoulou SJ (2009), “Assessment and Modeling of Embankment Participation in the Seismic Response of Integral Abutment Bridges,” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 7(2): 343–361.
Kowalsky MJ (2000), “Deformation Limit States for Circular Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns,” Journal of Structural Engineering, 126(8): 869–878.
Kozak DL, LaFave JM and Fahnestock LA (2018), “Seismic Modeling of Integral Abutment Bridges,” Engineering Structures, 165: 170–183.
Kozak DL, Luo J, Olson SM, LaFave JM and Fahnestock LA (2019), “Modification of Ground Motions for Use in Central North America,” Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 23(8): 1385–1406.
Kozak DL, Luo J, Olson SM, LaFave JM and Fahnestock LA (2017), Report No. NSEL-048 — Modification of Ground Motions for Use in Central North America: Southern Illinois Surface Ground Motions for Structural Analysis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Kunin J and Alampalli S (1999), Integral Abutment Bridges: Current Practice in the United States and Canada, New York State Department of Transportation, Albany, NY, USA.
LaFave JM, Brambila G, Kode U, Liu G and Fahnestock LA (2021), “Field Behavior of Integral Abutment Bridges Under Thermal Loading,” Journal of Bridge Engineering, 26(4): 04021013.
LaFave JM, Fahnestock LA, Foutch D, Steelman J, Revell J, Filipov E and Hajjar J (2013), Experimental Investigation of the Seismic Response of Bridge Bearings, Illinois Center for Transportation, Springfield, IL, USA.
LaFave JM, Fahnestock LA and Kozak DL (2018), Research Report No. FHWA-ICT-18-012 — Seismic Performance of Integral Abutment Highway Bridges in Illinois, Illinois Center for Transportation, Springfield, IL, USA.
LaFave JM, Riddle JK, Jarrett MW, Wright BA, Svatora JS, An H and Fahnestock LA (2016), “Numerical Simulations of Steel Integral Abutment Bridges Under Thermal Loading,” Journal of Bridge Engineering, 21(10): 04016061.
Luo J, Fahnestock LA, Kozak DL and LaFave JM (2016), “Seismic Analysis Incorporating Detailed Structure-Abutment-Foundation Interaction for Quasi-Isolated Highway Bridges,” Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 13(5): 581–603.
Luo J, Fahnestock LA and LaFave JM (2017), “Nonlinear Static Pushover and Eigenvalue Modal Analyses of Quasi-Isolated Highway Bridges with Seat-Type Abutments,” Structures, 12: 145–167.
Luo J, Fahnestock LA and LaFave JM (2021), “Seismic Performance Assessment of Quasi-Isolated Highway Bridges with Seat-Type Abutments,” Journal of Earthquake Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2019.1628125.
McKenna F, Mazonni S and Fenves GL (2006), Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (OpenSees), Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Berkeley, CA, USA.
McGuire RK, Silva WJ and Costantino C (2001), Report NUREG/CR-6728: Technical Basis for Revision of Regulatory Guidance on Design Ground Motions: Hazards- and Risk-Consistent Ground Motion Spectra Guidelines, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington DC, USA.
Mitoulis SA (2012), “Seismic Design of Bridges with the Participation of Seat-Type Abutments,” Engineering Structures, 44: 222–233.
Mitoulis SA (2020), “Challenges and Opportunities for the Application of Integral Abutment Bridges in Earthquake-Prone Areas: A Review,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 135: 106183.
Ni Choine M, O’Connor AJ and Padgett JE (2015), “Comparison Between the Seismic Performance of Integral and Jointed Concrete Bridges,” Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 19(1): 172–191.
Olson SM, Holloway KP, Buenker JM, Long JH and LaFave JM (2013), Thermal Behavior of IDOT Integral Abutment Bridges and Proposed Design Modifications, Illinois Department of Transportation, Springfield, IL, USA.
Paul MD, Laman JA and Linzell DG (2005), “Thermally Induced Superstructure Stresses in Prestressed Girder Integral Abutment Bridges,” Transportation Research Record, CD 11-S: 287–297.
Quinn BH and Civjan SJ (2017), “Parametric Study on Effects of Pile Orientation in Integral Abutment Bridges,” Journal of Bridge Engineering, 22(4): 04016132.
Shamsabadi A, Ashour M and Norris G (2005), “Bridge Abutment Nonlinear Force-Displacement-Capacity Prediction for Seismic Design,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 131(2): 151–161.
Shamsabadi A, Rollins KM and Kapuskar M (2007), “Nonlinear Soil-Abutment-Bridge Structure Interaction for Seismic Performance-Based Design,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 133(6): 707–720.
Spyrakos C and Loannidis G (2003), “Seismic Behavior of a Post-Tensioned Integral Bridge Including Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI),” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 23(1): 53–63.
Tsinidis G, Papantou M and Mitoulis S (2019), “Response of Integral Abutment Bridges Under a Sequence of Thermal Loading and Seismic Shaking,” Earthquakes and Structures, 16(1): 11–28.
Vasheghani-Farahani R, Zhao Q and Burdette EG (2010), “Seismic Analysis of Integral Abutment Bridges in Tennessee, Including Soil-Structure Interaction,” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2201(1): 70–79.
Waldin J, Jennings J and Routledge P (2012), “Critically Damaged Bridges & Concepts for Earthquake Recovery,” Proceedings of the 2012 New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering Conference, Christchurch, NZ.
Wang QA, Wu ZY and Li SK (2012), “Seismic Fragility Analysis of Highway Bridges Considering Multi-Dimensional Performance Limit State,” Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 11(2): 185–193.
William GW, Shoukry SN and Riad MY (2012), “Study of Thermal Stresses in Skewed Integral Abutment Steel Girder Bridges,” Structural Engineering International, 22(3): 308–317.
Wood JH (2015), “Earthquake Design of Bridges with Integral Abutments,” Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, New Zealand Geotechnical Society, Wellington, NZ.
Xu M, Bloodwort A and Clayton CRI (2007), “Behavior of a Stiff Clay Behind Embedded Integral Abutments,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 133(6): 721–730.
Zhao Q, Vasheghani-Farahani R and Burdette EG (2011), “Seismic Analysis of Integral Abutment Bridges Including Soil-Structure Interaction,” Proceedings of Structures Congress 2011, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Acknowledgement
This paper is based on the results of ICT R27-133, Calibration and Refinement of Illinois’ Earthquake Resisting System Bridge Design Methodology: Phase II. ICT R27-133 was conducted in cooperation with the Illinois Center for Transportation (ICT); Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT); and the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. ACI-1548562. The contents of this paper reflect the view of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the ICT, IDOT, FHWA or NSF.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kozak, D.L., Fahnestock, L.A. & LaFave, J.M. Seismic behavior assessment for design of integral abutment bridges in Illinois. Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib. 21, 573–589 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-022-2104-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-022-2104-5