Abstract
In present study, the inbreeding depression (ID) of growth and survival of Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) was investigated at larval and juvenile stages. Nine inbred families (A 2, B 2, C 2, D 2, E 2, F 2, G 2, H 2 and I 2) were established by mating within nine full-sib families with expected inbreeding coefficient of 0.25. Inbred families showed significant differences in shell length and hatching rate of D-larvae (straight-hinged larvae). The larvae of the nine inbred families grew slower than those of control group (CG), and their ID value ranged from 0.81% ± 6.09% to 16.10% ± 1.49%. The ID value of larval survival rate varied between 27.47% ± 9.36% and 70.50% ± 13.66%. The ID was also detected for juvenile growth in A 2, B 2, C 2, and D 2, which ranged from 4.60 ± 2.21 to 17.71 ± 7.73. The A 2 family maintained the highest juvenile survival rate, whereas the other inbred families exhibited ID values varying between 62.79% ± 4.54% and 96.14% ± 0.87%. The linear relationship of estimated ID between growth and survival was negatively correlated (R = −0.434, P < 0.05). The results of this study suggested that the ID of growth was common at the larval stage but was less prevalent at juvenile stage. In contrast, the ID of survival increased from larval to juvenile stage. A better understanding of the effect of inbreeding may aid to selective breeding of Manila clam.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Beattie, J. H., Perdue, J., Hershberger, W., and Chew, K., 1987. Effects of inbreeding on growth in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Journal of Shellfish Research, 6: 25–28.
Beaumont, A. R., and Budd, M. D., 1983. Effects of self-fertilization and other factors on the early development of the scallop Pectenmaximus. Marine Biology, 76: 285–289.
Bierne, N., Launey, S., Naciri-Graven, Y., and Bonhomme, F., 1998. Early effect of inbreeding as revealed by microsatellite analyses on Ostreaedulis larvae. Genetics, 148: 1893–1906.
Bucklin, K. A., 2002. Analysis of the genetic basis of inbreeding depression in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. PhD thesis, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA, 140pp.
Charlesworth, B., and Charlesworth, D., 1999. The genetic basis of inbreeding depression. Genetic Research, 74: 329–340.
Cronkrak, P., and Roff, D. A., 1999. Inbreeding depression in the wild. Heredity, 83: 260–270.
Cruz, P., and Ibarra, A. M., 1997. Larval growth and survival of two Catalina scallop (Argopecten circularis Sowerby, 1835) populations and their reciprocal crosses. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 212: 95–110.
Deng, Y. W., Liu, X., Zhang, G. F., and Guo, X. M., 2005. Inbreeding depression and maternal effects on early performance of pacific abalone. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 67: 231–236.
Evans, F., Matson, S., Brake, J., and Langdon, C., 2004. The effects of inbreeding on performance traits of adult Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas. Aquaculture, 230: 89–98.
Falconer, D. S., and Mackay, T. F. C., 1996. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. 4th edition. Pearson Education Ltd., Essex, England, 33pp.
Hedgecock, D., and Sly, F., 1990. Genetic drift and effective population sizes of hatchery propagated stocks of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Aquaculture, 88: 21–38.
Hedgecock, D., McGoldrick, D. J., and Bayne, B. L., 1995. Hybrid vigor in Pacific oysters: An experimental approach using crosses among inbred lines. Aquaculture, 137: 285–298.
Huo, Z. M., Yan, X. W., and Zhao, L. Q., 2014. Larval and juvenile growth performance of Manila clam hybrids of two full-sib families. Journal of Ocean University of China, 14: 564–568.
Husband, B., and Schemske, D. W., 1996. Evolution of the magnitude and timing of inbreeding depression in plants. Evolution, 50: 54–70.
Langdon, C., Evans, F., Jacobson, D., and Blouin, M., 2003. Yields of cultured Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas Thunberg improved after one generation of selection. Aquaculture, 220: 227–244.
Lannan, J. E., 1980. Brood stock management of Crassostrea gigas: I. Genetic and environmental variation in survival in the larval rearing system. Aquaculture, 21: 323–336.
Launey, S., and Hedgecock, D., 2001. High genetic load in the pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Genetics, 159: 255–262.
Longwell, A. C., and Stiles, S. S., 1973. Gamete cross incompatibility and inbreeding in the commercial American oyster, Crassostrea virginica Gmelin. Cytologia, 38: 521–533.
Ma, D. Y., Hu, H. L., and Kong, J., 2005. Inbreeding and its impact on aquaculture. Journal of Fisheries of China, 29: 849–856 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Mallet, A. L., and Haley, L. E., 1983. Growth rate and survival in pure population matings and crosses of the oyster Crassostrea virginica. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 40: 948–954.
Newkirk, G. F., Haley, L. E., Waugh, D. L., and Doyle, R., 1977. Genetics of larvae and spat growth rate in the oyster Crassostrea virginica. Marine Biology, 41: 49–52.
Nie, H. T., Liu, L. H., Ding, J. F., and Yan, X. W., 2015a. Characterization of fourteen single nucleotide polymorphism markers in the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum). Conservation Genetics Resources, 7: 1–4.
Nie, H. T., Niu, H. B., Zhao, L. Q., Yang, F., Yan, X. W., and Zhang, G. F., 2015b. Genetic diversity and structure of Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) populations from Liaodong peninsula revealed by SSR markers. Biochem System Ecology, 59: 116–125.
Saavedra, C., 1997. Low effective sizes in hatchery populations of the European oyster Ostrea edulis: Implications for the management of genetic resources. Journal of Shellfish Research, 16: 441–446.
Stiles, S., and Choromanski, J., 1995. Inbreeding studies on the bay scallop Argopecten irradians. Journal of Shellfish Research, 14: 1.
Taris, N., Batista, F. M., and Boudry, P., 2007. Evidence of response to unintentional selection for faster development and inbreeding depression in Crassostrea gigas larvae. Aquaculture, 272: 69–79.
Winkler, F. M., and Estévez, B. F., 2003. purpuratus L. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 292: 93–102.
Yan, X. W., Zhang, G. F., and Yang, F., 2006. Effects of diet, stocking density, and environmental factors on growth, survival, and metamorphosis of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum larvae. Aquaculture, 253: 350–358.
Zhang, G. F., Liu, S. X., Liu, X., Guo, X. M., and Zhang, F. S., 2003. Self-fertilization family establishment and its depression in bay scallop Argopecten irradians. Journal of Fisheries Science of China, 10: 441–445 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Zheng, H. P., Zhang, G. F., and Guo, X. M., 2008. Inbreeding depression for various traits in two cultured populations of the American bay scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians Lamarck (1819) introduced into China. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 364: 42–47.
Zhu, D. P., Nie, H. T., Qin, Y. J., Li, J., Liu, L. H., and Yan, X. W., 2015. Development and characterization of 38 microsatellite makers for Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum). Conservation Genetics Resources, 7: 517–520.
Acknowledgments
We thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on this work. This research was supported by grants from National Science Foundation of China (31502163) and the fund earmarked for Modern Agroindustry Technology Research System (CARS-48).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Huo, Z., Li, N., Zhang, X. et al. Inbreeding depression on growth and survival of full-sib family of Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum). J. Ocean Univ. China 16, 145–150 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-017-3081-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-017-3081-6