Abstract
The nonlinear pulse dynamics have been studied in a thulium/holmium co-doped passively mode-locked fiber laser based on nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM). By enhancing the nonlinear effect of the cavity and without changing the polarization state of the cavity, four types of operation states that switch between each other, including the basic mode-locking pulse, the two solitons pulse, the bright-dark pulse, and the harmonic mode-locking pulse, can be obtained. Compared with the laser of single mode-locking state, passively mode-locked fiber lasers (PMLFLs) with switchable operation states can be used in a wide range of applications, such as optical communication, material processing and optical fiber sensing technology.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
RUDY C W, DIGONNET M J F, BYER R L. Advances in 2-μm Tm-doped mode-locked fiber lasers[J]. Optical fiber technology, 2014, 20(6): 642–649.
MAJEWSKI M R, JACKSON S D. Highly efficient mid-infrared dysprosium fiber laser[J]. Optics letters, 2016, 41(10): 2173–2176.
YANG F, SUN S, CHEN S, et al. Passively mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser based on a ferromagnetic insulator Cr2Si2Te6 as a saturable absorber[J]. Applied optics, 2022, 61(4): 898–903.
WANG S F, WANG D N, XIA Q K, et al. Multi-soliton pulse generation in a fiber laser by using a long-period fiber grating[J]. International journal for light and electron optics, 2022, 270: 170017.
WU Y F, DONG Z K, HUA L L, et al. Improvement of peak power of dissipative soliton resonance pulse in a thulium-doped fiber laser[J]. Optics and laser technology, 2023, 157: 108656.
WANG X F, LIU D X, HAN H H, et al. Generation of cavity-birefringence-dependent multi-wavelength bright -dark pulse pair in a figure-eight thulium-doped fiber laser[J]. Chinese physics B, 2021, 30(05): 276–280.
YANG S, ZHENG J C, QI Y Y, et al. Widely-tunable harmonic mode-locked fiber laser by the combination of spectral filtering and gain management[J]. Optics and laser technology, 2023, 157: 108726.
HUANG J J, SUN Y, XIE Y N, et al. Spectral dynamics of noise-like square pulses generated in a Tm-doped figure-8 fiber laser[J]. Optics and laser technology, 2022, 158: 108595.
TANG Y L, LI F, YU X C. Dual-wavelength harmonic mode-locked dissipative soliton resonance of Yb fiber laser[J]. Optics and laser technology, 2022, 152: 108147.
ZHU Y X, ZENG C, HE Z W, et al. Ultrafast all-anomalous-dispersion Er-doped large-mode-area fiber lasers[J]. Optics and laser technology, 2022, 148: 107783.
WANG X F, ZHANG J H, PENG X L, et al. Generation and evolution of multiple operation states in passively mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser by using a gra-phene-covered-microfiber[J]. Chinese physics B, 2018, 27(08): 305–311.
HU P, MAO J J, ZHOU X, et al. Passively mode-locked Ho-doped fiber laser with soliton rain and noise-like pulse regime[J]. Optics and laser technology, 2022, 153: 108215.
GUO Y, YAN F P, QIN Q, et al. Wavelength-interval-switchable multi-wavelength thulium-doped fiber laser with a nonlinear dual-pass Mach-Zehnder interferometer filter in 2-μm-band[J]. Optics and laser technology, 2022, 145: 107470.
TAO J N, SONG Y Q, LI Y Y, et al. Pulse type switcha-ble, spectral bandwidth dynamically adjustable all-fiber laser mode-locked by NALM[J]. Optics and laser technology, 2022, 145: 108682.
WANG Z H, ZHANG B, LIU J, et al. Recent developments in mid-infrared fiber lasers: Status and chal-lenges[J]. Optics and laser technology, 2020, 132: 106497.
RUDY C W, URBANEK K E, DIGONNET M J, et al. Amplified 2-μm thulium-doped all-fiber mode-locked figure-eight laser[J]. Journal of lightwave technology, 2013, 31(11): 1809–1812.
DONG Z K, SONG Y R. Research progress of mode-locked fiber lasers based on saturable absorb-ers[J]. Chinese journal of lasers, 2021, 48(5): 98–113.
GUO Y X, LI P L, GUO P L, et al. Supercontinuum generation in an Er-doped figure-eight passively mode-locked fiber laser[J]. Optics express, 2018, 26(8): 9893–9900.
LIU S M, ZHANG Z X, SHEN J P, et al. Wave-length-spacing adjustable dual-wavelength dissipative soliton resonance thulium-doped fiber laser[J]. IEEE photonics journal, 2019, 11(2): 1–9.
WANG M, LIU M Q, CHEN Y W, et al. Stable noise-like pulse generation in all-PM mode-locked Tm-doped fiber laser based on NOLM[J]. Chinese optics letters, 2021, 19(9): 62–66.
WU J W, LIU G X, GAO Y X, et al. Switchable femto-second and picosecond spatiotemporal mode-locked fiber laser based on NALM and multimode interference filtering effects[J]. Optics and laser technology, 2022, 152: 108414.
PAUL C, SINGH C P, GUPTA P K, et al. Rectangular dark pulses in all-normal dispersion fiber oscillator[J]. Optics and laser technology, 2022, 147: 107641.
PAN Y Z, QIU H X, ZHANG T Q, et al. Dissipative soliton resonance and noise-like pulse generation of large normal dispersion Yb-doped fiber laser[J]. Optica applicata, 2022, 52(1): 77–88.
LI M X, SHU Y Q, GU L, et al. Modulated comb-like pulse distribution induced by intracavity Sagnac filtering in a fiber laser[J]. Optics and laser technology, 2022, 145: 107480.
WANG G D, YANG G, LIU Y G, et al. Soliton bundles and high-order harmonic mode-locked in Tm-doped fiber laser[J]. Chinese journal of lasers, 2017, 44(8): 83–87.
WU T, HUANG J Z, WANG M Y, et al. Generation of pulse bundles and bundle groups in a mode-locked Tm-doped fiber ring laser[J]. Journal of optoelectronics-laser, 2021, 32(2): 209–216. (in Chinese)
WANG X D, YANG S M, SUN M Q, et al. Generation of multi-wavelength square pulses in the dissipative soliton resonance regime by a Yb-doped fiber laser[J]. Chinese physics B, 2020, 30(6): 390–395.
WU Q C, WU Z, YAO Y, et al. Three-component bright-dark-bright vector pulse fiber laser based on MoS2 saturable absorber[J]. Optics communications, 2021, 498: 127231.
CHERNYAK L, SCHULTE A, OSINSKY A, et al. In-fluence of electron injection on performance of GaN photodetectors[J]. Applied physics letters, 2002, 80(6): 926–928.
LI H F, ZHANG S M, DU J, et al. Passively harmonic mode-locked fiber laser with controllable repetition rate based on a carbon nanotube saturable absorber[J]. Optics communications, 2011, 285(6): 1347–1351.
YANG H, LI X P, QI M T, et al. TaSe2 nanosheets for harmonic mode-locked fiber laser[J]. Optical fiber technology, 2022, 72: 102956.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Additional information
This work has been supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing City (No. CSTC2018jcyjAX0585).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, X., Pan, J. & He, Y. Investigation on switchable operation states in a Tm/Ho co-doped fiber laser based on nonlinear optical loop mirror. Optoelectron. Lett. 19, 455–461 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-023-2206-y
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-023-2206-y