Abstract
In this study, direct reduction-magnetic separation process was applied to enrich phosphorus and iron to prepare Fe-P crude alloy from a high phosphorus oolitic hematite ore (HPOH). The results show that at lower temperatures and with absence of any of additives, Fe cannot be effectively recovered because of the oolitic structure is not destroyed. In contrast, under the conditions of 15% Na2SO4 and reducing at 1050 °C for 120 min with a total C/Fe ratio (molar ratio) of 8.5, a final Fe-P alloy containing 92.40% Fe and 1.09% P can be obtained at an overall iron recovery of 95.43% and phosphorus recovery of 68.98%, respectively. This metallized Fe-P powder can be applied as the burden for production of weathering resistant steels. The developed process can provide an alternative for effective and green utilization of high phosphorus iron ore.
摘要
本文采用直接还原-磁选工艺从高磷鲕状赤铁矿中同步富集铁和磷制备Fe-P合金. 结果表明, 在低温和无添加剂情况下, 由于鲕状结构未破坏导致铁不能被有效回收. 在还原温度为1050 °C, 还原时间为120 min, 总碳/铁(物质的量比)为8.5, Na2SO4添加量为15% 的条件下得到的Fe-P合金中铁品位为92.40%, 磷品位为1.09%, 两者的回收率分别为95.43% 和68.98%. 所得到的Fe-P金属粉末可用作耐候钢的生产原料. 此工艺可以有效和绿色地利用高磷鲕状赤铁矿.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
MORCILLO M, DIAZ I, CANO H, CHICO B, FUENTE D. Atmospheric corrosion of weathering steels. Overview for engineers. Part I: Basic concepts [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2019, 213: 723–737. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.334.
SAHOO G, SINGH B, SAXENA A. Characterization of high phosphorous containing hot rolled weather resistant structural steels [J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 2015, 628: 303–310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.01.059.
GUO Zheng-qi, ZHU De-qing, PAN Jian, ZHANG Feng. Innovative methodology for comprehensive and harmless utilization of waste copper slag via selective reduction-magnetic separation process [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018, 187: 910–922. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.264.
MORCILLO M, DIAZ I, CHICO B, CANO H, FUENTE D. Weathering steels: From empirical development to scientific design — A review [J]. Corrosion Science, 2014, 83: 6–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2014.03.006.
ZHOU G P, LIU Z Y, QIU Y Q, WANG G D. The improvement of weathering resistance by increasing P contents in cast strips of low carbon steels [J]. Materials and Design, 2009, 30(10): 4342–4347. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.04.010.
MORCILLO M, CHICO B, DIAZ I, CANO H, FUENTE D. Atmospheric corrosion data of weathering steels — A review [J]. Corrosion Science, 2013, 77: 6–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2013.08.021.
KEITH Q. A review on the characterization and processing of oolitic iron ores [J]. Minerals Engineering, 2018, 126: 89–100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2018.06.018.
SONG Shao-xian, FABIN C T, ZHANG Yi-min, LOPEZ-VALDIVIESO A. Morphological and mineralogical characterizations of oolitic iron ore in the Exi region, China [J]. International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials, 2013, 20(2): 113–118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-013-0701-z.
XIAO Jun-hui, ZOU Kai, WANG Zhen. Studying on mineralogical characteristics of a refractory high-phosphorous oolitic iron ore [J]. SN Applied Sciences, 2020, 2: 1051–1062. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2871-4.
ZHANG Long, MACHIELA R, ZHANG Ming-ming, EISELE T. Dephosphorization of unroasted oolitic ores through alkaline leaching at low temperature [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2019, 184: 95–102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2018.12.023.
ZHU De-qing, ZHOU Xian-lin, PAN Jian, LUO Yan-hong. Direct reduction and beneficiation of a refractory siderite lump [J]. Mineral Processing Extraction Metallurgy, 2014, 123(4): 246–250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/1743285514y.0000000081.
CHUN Tie-jun, LONG Hong-ming, LI Jia-xin. Alumina-iron separation of high alumina iron ore by carbothermic reduction and magnetic separation [J]. Separation Science and Technology, 2015, 50(5): 760–766. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2014.959601.
LI Si-wei, PAN Jian, ZHU De-qing, GUO Zheng-qi, SHI Yue, CHOU Jian-lei, XU Ji-wei. An innovative technique for comprehensive utilization of high aluminum iron ore via pre-reduced-smelting separation-alkaline leaching process: Part I: Pre-reduced-smelting separation to recover iron [J]. Metals, 2020, 10: 57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/met10010057.
ZHOU Xian-lin, ZHU De-qing, PAN Jian, LUO Yan-hong, LIU Xin-qi. Upgrading of high-aluminum hematite-limonite ore by high temperature reduction-wet magnetic separation process [J]. Metals, 2016, 6: 57–69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/met6030057.
BAO Qi-peng, GUO Lei, GUO Zhan-cheng. A novel direct reduction-flash smelting separation process of treating high phosphorous iron ore fines [J]. Powder Technology, 2021, 377: 149–162. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2020.08.066.
ZHOU Wen-tao, HAN Yue-xin, SUN Yong-sheng, LI Yan-jun. Strengthening iron enrichment and dephosphorization of high-phosphorus oolitic hematite using high-temperature pretreatment [J]. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 2020, 27: 443–453. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-019-1897-3.
YU Wen, SUN Ti-chang. Can sodium sulfate be used as an additive for the reduction roasting of high-phosphorus oolitic hematite ore? [J]. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 2014, 133: 119–122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2014.10.008.
TANG Hui-qing, GUO Zhan-cheng, ZHAO Zhi-long. Phosphorus removal of high phosphorus iron ore by gas-based reduction and melt separation [J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International, 2010, 17(9): 1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(10)60133-1.
SUN Yong-sheng, LI Yan-feng, HAN Yue-xin, LI Yan-jun. Migration behaviors and kinetics of phosphorus during coal-based reduction of high-phosphorus oolitic iron ore [J]. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 2019, 26: 938–945. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-019-1810-0.
MATINDE E, HINO M. Dephosphorization treatment of high phosphorus iron ore by pre-reduction, mechanical crushing and screening methods [J]. ISIJ International, 2011, 51(2): 220–227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.51.220.
TANG Hui-qing, LIU Wei-di, ZHANG Huan-yu, GUO Zhan-cheng. Effect of microwave treatment upon processing oolitic high phosphorus iron ore for phosphorus removal [J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2014, 45(5): 1683–1694. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-014-0072-5.
CHENG C Y, MISRA V N, CLOUGH J, MUN R. Dephosphorization of Western Australian iron ore by hydrometallurgical process [J]. Minerals Engineering, 1999, 12: 1083–1092. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-6875(99)00093-X.
RAO Ming-jun, OUYANG Chong-zhong, LI Guang-hui, ZHANG Shu-hui, ZHANG Yuan-bo, JIANG Tao. Behavior of phosphorus during the carbothermic reduction of phosphorus-rich oolitic hematite ore in the presence of Na2SO4 [J]. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 2015, 143: 72–79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2015.09.002.
ZHU De-qing, CHUN Tie-jun, PAN Jian, LU Li-ming, HE Zhen. Upgrading and dephosphorization of western Australian iron ore using reduction roasting by adding sodium carbonate [J]. International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials, 2013, 20: 505–513. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-013-0758-8.
ZHU De-qing, GUO Zheng-qi, PAN Jian, ZHANG Feng. Synchronous upgrading iron and phosphorus removal from high phosphorus oolitic hematite ore by high temperature flash reduction [J]. Metals, 2016, 6: 123–139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/met6060123.
YANG Cong-cong, ZHU De-qing, PAN Jian, LU Li-ming. Simultaneous recovery of iron and phosphorus from a high-phosphorus oolitic iron ore to prepare Fe-P Alloy for high-phosphorus steel production [J]. JOM, 2017, 69: 1663–1668. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-017-2385-8.
SUN Yong-sheng, ZHANG Qi, HAN Yue-xin, GAO Peng, LI Guo-feng. Comprehensive utilization of iron and phosphorus from high-phosphorus refractory iron ore [J]. JOM, 2018, 70: 144–149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-017-2637-7.
HAN Yue-xin, LI Yan-feng, GAO Peng, SUN Yong-sheng. Reduction behavior of apatite in oolitic hematite ore using coal as a reductant [J]. Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 2017, 44: 287–296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2016.1210750.
SONG Yong-sheng, HAN Yue-xin, GAO Peng, WANG Qin. Effect of temperature on coal-based reduction of an oolitic iron ore [J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2015, 44(1): 132–137. (in Chinese).
LI Si-wei, PAN Jian, ZHU De-qing, GUO Zheng-qi, XU Ji-wei, CHOU Jian-lei. A novel process to upgrade the copper slag by direct reduction-magnetic separation with the addition of Na2CO3 and CaO [J]. Powder Technology, 2019, 347: 159–169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2019.02.046.
XU Yan, SUN Ti-chang, LIU Zhi-guo, XU Cheng-yan. Phosphorus occurrence state and phosphorus removal research of a high phosphorus oolitic hematite by direct reduction roasting method [J]. Journal of Northeastern University, 2013, 34(11): 1651–1655. (in Chinese)
ZHAO Ren, YIN Lin, ZHAO Lian-ze, XIONG Fei. Research on the occurrence of Fe in sericite, Chuzhou, Anhui Province, Southeast China [J]. Acta Mineralogical Sinica, 2004, 24: 309–314. (in Chinese)
WEI Yu-xia, SUN Ti-chang, KOU Jue, YU Wen, CAO Yun-ye. Effect of coal dosage on direct reduction roasting of refractory iron ore briquettes [J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2013, 44(4): 1305–1311. (in Chinese)
LU W K, HUANG D F. The evolution of ironmaking process based on coal-containing iron ore agglomerates [J]. ISIJ International, 2001, 41(8): 807–812. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.41.807.
LIU Qiang, PAN Zhi-hua, LI Qing-bin, RUAN Yu-hua. Preparation of anorthite lightweight thermal insulating brick and the formation process of anorthite [J]. Bulletin Chinese Ceram Soc, 2010, 29: 1269–1274. (in Chinese)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Foundation item
Projects(AA18242003, AA148242003) supported by Innovation-driven Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Project(51474161) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
Contributors
LI Si-wei performed the data analysis and wrote the manuscript. PAN Jian and ZHU De-qing obtained the project. GUO Zheng-qi and YANG Cong-cong contributed to the methodology. LI Si-wei, DONG Tao and LU Sheng-hu conducted experimental tests. All authors replied to reviewer’ comments and revised the final version.
Conflict of interest
LI Si-wei, PAN Jian, ZHU De-qing, YANG Cong-cong, GUO Zheng-qi, DONG Tao, and LU Sheng-hu declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, Sw., Pan, J., Zhu, Dq. et al. Synchronous enrichment of phosphorus and iron from a high-phosphorus oolitic hematite ore to prepare Fe-P alloy by direct reduction-magnetic separation process. J. Cent. South Univ. 28, 2724–2734 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-021-4804-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-021-4804-9