Abstract
Multifunctional wearable e-textiles have been a focus of much attention due to their great potential for healthcare, sportswear, fitness, space, and military applications. Among them, electroconductive textile yarn shows great promise for use as the next-generation flexible sensors without compromising properties and comfort of usual textiles. Recently, a myriad of efforts have been devoted to improving performance and functionality of wearable sensors. However, the current manufacturing process of metal-based electroconductive textile yarn is expensive, unscalable, and environmentally unfriendly. In this work, we report the preparation of multifunctional reduced graphene oxide/linen (RGO/LN) fabrics through the reduction and the followed suction filtration. As-prepared RGO/LN fabric could serve as the methane gas sensor, which exhibited high sensitivity, remarkable reliability and feasibility. Furthermore, the RGO/LN fabric sensor exhibited good moisture permeability and air permeability. The present work reveals that RGO/LN fabric has great potential as wearable smart devices in personal healthcare applications.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Cheng T, Zhang Y, Lai W Y, et al. Stretchable thin-film electrodes for flexible electronics with high deformability and stretchability. Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(22): 3349–3376
Wang X, Dong L, Zhang H, et al. Recent progress in electronic skin. Advanced Science, 2015, 2(10): 1500169
Amjadi M, Kyung K U, Park I, et al. Stretchable, skin-mountable, and wearable strain sensors and their potential applications: A review. Advanced Functional Materials, 2016, 26(11): 1678–1698
Zhao S, Li J, Cao D, et al. Recent advancements in flexible and stretchable electrodes for electromechanical sensors: strategies, materials, and features. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9(14): 12147–12164
Jang H, Park Y J, Chen X, et al. Graphene-based flexible and stretchable electronics. Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(22): 4184–4202
Guo Q, Huang B, Lu C, et al. A cephalopod-inspired mechanoluminescence material with skin-like self-healing and sensing properties. Materials Horizons, 2019, 6(5): 996–1004
Jeong Y R, Park H, Jin SW, et al. Highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensors using fragmentized graphene foam. Advanced Functional Materials, 2015, 25(27): 4228–4236
Liu X, Tang C, Du X, et al. A highly sensitive graphene woven fabric strain sensor for wearable wireless musical instruments. Materials Horizons, 2017, 4(3): 477–486
Amjadi M, Pichitpajongkit A, Lee S, et al. Highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensor based on silver nanowire-elastomer nanocomposite. ACS Nano, 2014, 8(5): 5154–5163
Liu X, Su G, Guo Q, et al. Hierarchically structured self-healing sensors with tunable positive/negative piezoresistivity. Advanced Functional Materials, 2018, 28(15): 1706658
Zhang X, Cao J, Yang Y, et al. Flame-retardant, highly sensitive strain sensors enabled by renewable phytic acid-doped biotemplate synthesis and spirally structure design. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019, 374: 730–737
Cheng Y, Wang R, Sun J, et al. A stretchable and highly sensitive graphene-based fiber for sensing tensile strain, bending, and torsion. Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(45): 7365–7371
Park B, Kim J, Kang D, et al. Dramatically enhanced mechanosensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio of nanoscale crack-based sensors: effect of crack depth. Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(37): 8130–8137
Wang Y, Wang L, Yang T, et al. Wearable and highly sensitive graphene strain sensors for human motion monitoring. Advanced Functional Materials, 2014, 24(29): 4666–4670
Zhang M, Wang C, Wang H, et al. Carbonized cotton fabric for high-performance wearable strain sensors. Advanced Functional Materials, 2017, 27(2): 1604795
Shi G, Zhao Z, Pai J H, et al. Highly sensitive, wearable, durable strain sensors and stretchable conductors using graphene/silicon rubber composites. Advanced Functional Materials, 2016, 26(42): 7614–7625
Wang C, Li X, Gao E, et al. Carbonized silk fabric for ultrastretchable, highly sensitive, and wearable strain sensors. Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(31): 6640–6648
Liu Z, Qi D, Guo P, et al. Thickness-gradient films for high gauge factor stretchable strain sensors. Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(40): 6230–6237
Zeng W, Shu L, Li Q, et al. Fiber-based wearable electronics: a review of materials, fabrication, devices, and applications. Advanced Materials, 2014, 26(31): 5310–5336
Afroj S, Karim N, Wang Z, et al. Engineering graphene flakes for wearable textile sensors via highly scalable and ultrafast yarn dyeing technique. ACS Nano, 2019, 13(4): 3847–3857
Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, et al. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science, 2004, 306(5696): 666–669
Geim A K. Graphene: status and prospects. Science, 2009, 324(5934): 1530–1534
He Q, Wu S, Yin Z, et al. Graphene-based electronic sensors. Chemical Science, 2012, 3(6): 1764–1772
Balandin A A, Ghosh S, Bao W, et al. Superior thermal conductivity of single-layer graphene. Nano Letters, 2008, 8(3): 902–907
Sun P, Zhu M, Wang K, et al. Small temperature coefficient of resistivity of graphene/graphene oxide hybrid membranes. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2013, 5(19): 9563–9571
Karim N, Afroj S, Tan S, et al. Scalable production of graphenebased wearable e-textiles. ACS Nano, 2017, 11(12): 12266–12275
Ren J, Wang C, Zhang X, et al. Environmentally-friendly conductive cotton fabric as flexible strain sensor based on hot press reduced graphene oxide. Carbon, 2017, 111: 622–630
Abdelkader AM, Karim N, Vallés C, et al. Ultraflexible and robust graphene supercapacitors printed on textiles for wearable electronics applications. 2D Materials, 2017, 4(3): 035016
Zhao S, Guo L, Li J, et al. Binary synergistic sensitivity strengthening of bioinspired hierarchical architectures based on fragmentized reduced graphene oxide sponge and silver nanoparticles for strain sensors and beyond. Small, 2017, 13(28): 1700944
Yun Y J, Hong W G, Kim W J, et al. A novel method for applying reduced graphene oxide directly to electronic textiles from yarns to fabrics. Advanced Materials, 2013, 25(40): 5701–5705
Guo Y, Dun C, Xu J, et al. Ultrathin, washable, and large-area graphene papers for personal thermal management. Small, 2017, 13(44): 1702645
Zhou H P, Ye X, Huang W, et al. Wearable, flexible, disposable plasma-reduced graphene oxide stress sensors for monitoring activities in austere environments. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(16): 15122–15132
Yin B, Wen Y, Hong T, et al. Highly stretchable, ultrasensitive, and wearable strain sensors based on facilely prepared reduced graphene oxide woven fabrics in an ethanol flame. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9(37): 32054–32064
Hummers W S, Offeman R E. Preparation of graphitic oxide. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1958, 80(6): 1339
Chen Y, Zhang X, Zhang D, et al. High performance supercapacitors based on reduced graphene oxide in aqueous and ionic liquid electrolytes. Carbon, 2011, 49(2): 573–580
Eslamian M. Spray-on thin film PV solar cells: advances, potentials and challenges. Coatings, 2014, 4(1): 60–84
Yasin G, Arif M, Shakeel M, et al. Exploring the nickel-graphene nanocomposite coatings for superior corrosion resistance: manipulating the effect of deposition current density on its morphology, mechanical properties, and erosion-corrosion performance. Advanced Engineering Materials, 2018, 20(7): 1701166
Ferrari A C, Robertson J. Interpretation of Raman spectra of disordered and amorphous carbon. Physical Review B, 2000, 61 (20): 14095–14107
Tuinstra F, Koenig J L. Raman spectrum of graphite. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 1970, 53(3): 1126–1130
Dresselhaus M S, Jorio A, Souza Filho A G, et al. Defect characterization in graphene and carbon nanotubes using Raman spectroscopy. Philosophical Transactions: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 2010, 368(1932): 5355–5377
Shen J, Hu Y, Shi M, et al. Fast and facile preparation of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide nanoplatelets. Chemistry of Materials, 2009, 21(15): 3514–3520
Miller D R, Akbar S A, Morris P A. Nanoscale metal oxide-based hetero-junctions for gas sensing: A review. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2014, 204: 250–272
Vuong N M, Hieu N M, Kim D, et al. Ni2O3 decoration of In2O3 nanostructures for catalytically enhanced methane sensing. Applied Surface Science, 2014, 317: 765–770
Kim H J, Lee J H. Highly sensitive and selective gas sensors using p-type oxide semiconductors: Overview. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2014, 192: 607–627
Vuong N M, Hieu N M, Hieu H N, et al. Ni2O3-decorated SnO2 particulate films for methane gas sensors. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2014, 192: 327–333
Cho N G, Hwang I S, Kim H G, et al. Gas sensing properties of ptype hollow NiO hemispheres prepared by polymeric colloidal templating method. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2011, 155(1): 366–371
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interests The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
He, X., Liu, Q., Wang, J. et al. Wearable gas/strain sensors based on reduced graphene oxide/linen fabrics. Front. Mater. Sci. 13, 305–313 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-019-0472-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-019-0472-1