Abstract
Using the sol–gel process, a series of Sr2-xZnSi2O7:xGd (0.01 ≤ x≤0.11) samples was fabricated. Their crystal characteristics, surface morphologies, and spectral characteristics were analyzed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Upon 272-nm excitation, a prominent emission band appeared at 313 nm (6P7/2 → 8S7/2) in all the samples. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and PL analyses confirmed the presence of Gd3+ in the Sr2ZnSi2O7 structure, where the Gd3+ ions occupied distorted Sr2+ sites in the host lattice. Additionally, three photon interaction parameters, namely the mass attenuation coefficient, effective atomic number, and effective electron density, were calculated within the 1 keV–100 GeV photon energy range for all the samples. These photon interaction parameters varied widely over the studied energy range. Particularly, the shielding effectiveness increased with increasing gadolinium concentration. These interaction parameters will be very useful for shielding applications against gamma-rays.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Y. Li, Z. Tang, Z. Zhang, X. Wang, and J. Zhang, J. Mater. Sci. 20, 1505 (2001).
R. Shrivastava, J. Kaur, V. Dubey, and B. Jaykumar, Bull. Mater. Sci. 37, 925 (2014).
J. Kaur, R. Shrivastava, V. Dubey, and B. Jaykumar, Res. Chem. Intermed. 40, 2599 (2014).
M. Ardit, G. Cruciani, and M. Dondi, Z. Kristallogr. 225, 298 (2010).
T. Joseph and M.T. Sebastian, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 93, 147 (2010).
T. Joseph and M.T. Sebastian, Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. 8, 854 (2011).
K. Toda, Y. Imanari, T. Nonogawa, J. Miyoshi, K. Uematsu, and M. Sato, J. Ceram. Soc. Japan. 110, 283 (2002).
L. Jiang, C.K. Chang, and D.L. Mao, Opt. Mater. 27, 51 (2004).
H. Kamioka, T. Yamaguchi, M. Hirano, T. Kamiya, and H. Hosono, J. Lumin. 122–123, 339 (2007).
X.-J. Wang, Z.Y. He, D. Jia, W. Strek, R. Dariusz, D. Hreniak, and W.M. Yen, Microelectron. J. 36, 546 (2005).
L. Pan, S. Liu, X. Zhang, O. Oderinde, F. Yao, and G. Fu, J. Alloys Compd. 737, 39 (2018).
Y. Hao and Y.-H. Wang, Mater. Res. Bull. 42, 2219 (2007).
Y. Zhang, R. Pang, C. Li, C. Zang, and Q. Su, J. Rare Earths 28, 705 (2010).
J. Wan, Y. Yao, G. Tang, and Y. Qian, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 8, 1449 (2008).
T. Aitasalo, D. Hreniak, J. Hölsä, T. Laamanen, M. Lastusaari, J. Niittykoski, F. Pellé, and W. Stre̢k, J. Lumin. 122–123, 110 (2007).
V. Singh, K.N. Shinde, N. Singh, P.K. Singh, D.A. Hakeem, and A.S. Nagpure, Optik 158, 1302 (2018).
J. Kong, Z. Liu, D. Cai, Y. Fan, P. Zhao, X. Liu, P. Pu, L. Song, and C. He, Sensors Actuators B. 256, 913 (2018).
F. Zheng, X. Ou, Q. Pan, X. Xiong, C. Yang, Z. Fu, and M. Liu, Chem. Eng. J. 334, 497 (2018).
R.R. Kanna, N. Lenin, K. Sakthipandi, and A.S. Kumar, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 453, 78 (2018).
G. Liang and L. Xiao, Biomater. Sci. 5, 2122 (2017).
C.R. Kesavulu, H.J. Kim, S.W. Lee, J. Kaewkhao, E. Kaewnuam, and N. Wantana, J. Alloys Compd. 704, 557 (2017).
M. Xu, L. Wang, L. Liu, D. Jia, and R. Sheng, J. Lumin. 146, 475 (2014).
A.O. Chauhan, A.B. Gawande, and S.K. Omanwar, Optik 127, 6647 (2016).
V. Singh, G. Sivaramaiah, J.L. Rao, and S.H. Kim, J. Electron. Mater. 43, 3486 (2014).
S. Tamboli, B. Rajeswari, and S.J. Dhoble, Luminescence 31, 551 (2016).
X. Hong, J. Wen, X. Xiong, and Y. Hu, Chemosphere 154, 537 (2016).
B. Liang, D. Pang, C. Jin, F. Li, and Y. Wang, Poly. Degradat. Stability 97, 2162 (2012).
O. Taofiq, Â. Fernandes, L. Barros, M.F. Barreiro, and I.C.F.R. Ferreira, Trends Food Sci. Technol. 70, 82 (2017).
W. Köster and A. Wiskemann, Z Hautkr. 65, 1022 (1990).
H. van Weelden, B. De La Faille, E. Young, and J.C. Van Der Leun, Br. J. Dermatol. 119, 11 (1988).
V. Singh, G. Sivaramaiah, J.L. Rao, and S.H. Kim, J. Lumin. 157, 82 (2015).
P.P. Mokoena, M. Gohain, B.C.B. Bezuidenhoudt, H.C. Swart, and O.M. Ntwaeaborwa, J. Lumin. 155, 288 (2014).
S. Okamoto, R. Uchino, K. Kobayashi, and H. Yamamoto, J. Appl. Phys. 106, 013522 (2009).
V. Singh, N. Singh, M.S. Pathak, S. Watanabe, T.K. Gundu Rao, P.K. Sing, and V. Dubey, Optik 157, 1391 (2018).
V. Singh, N. Singh, H. Jeong, and V. Natarajan, Radiat. Phys. Chem. 174, 108956 (2020).
V.P. Singh and N.M. Badiger, Ann. Nucl. Energy 64, 301 (2014).
D. Demir and A. Turşucu, Ann. Nucl. Energy 48, 17 (2012).
D. Yılmaz, E. Boydaş, and E. Cömert, Radiat. Phys. Chem. 125, 65 (2016).
G. Lakshminarayana, A. Kumar, M.G. Dong, M.I. Sayyed, N.V. Long, and M.A. Mahdi, J. Non-Cryst, Solids 481, 65 (2018).
M.G. Dong, M.I. Sayyed, G. Lakshminarayana, M.Ç. Ersundu, A.E. Ersundu, P. Nayar, M.A. Mahdi, and J. Non-Cryst, Solids 468, 12 (2017).
M. Zhang, K. Lin, and J. Chang, Mater. Sci. Engg. C 32, 184 (2012).
K. Bennemans, C. Gorller-Walrand, and J.L. Adam, Chem. Phys. Lett. 280, 333 (1997).
V. Singh, S. Borkotoky, A. Murali, J.L. Rao, T.K.G. Rao, and S.J. Dhoble, Spectrochm. Acta A 139, 1 (2015).
V. Singh, G. Sivaramaiah, J.L. Rao, and S.H. Kim, Phys. B 416, 101 (2013).
P.V.V.M. Diederen, H. Weelden, C. Sanders, J. Toonstra, and W. Vloten, J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 48, 215 (2003).
I.B. Walters, L.H. Burack, T.R. Coven, P. Gilleaudeau, and J.G. Krueger, J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 40, 893 (1999).
S.-S. Yao, L.-H. Xue, Y.-W. Yan, Y.-Y. Li, and M.-F. Yan, J. Ceram. Process. Res. 11, 669 (2010).
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korea Government (MSIT) (2018M2B2A9065656).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic Supplementary Material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Singh, V., Singh, N., Natarajan, V. et al. Ultraviolet Radiation-Emitting Gd3+-Doped Sr2ZnSi2O7 Host Lattice Prepared by Sol–Gel Procedure and Evaluation of Gamma-Ray Exposure Parameters. J. Electron. Mater. 50, 155–162 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08549-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08549-1