Abstract
In spite of their high theoretical energy density and potentially low cost, lithium-sulfur batteries face several challenges in their path toward widespread adoption, among which introduction of an appropriate anode seems to be one of the most difficult. We report herein on a modified anode based on lithium titanate oxide (Li4Ti5O12) (LTO) doped with praseodymium (Pr) element. A fairly simple sol–gel procedure was employed to prepare praseodymium-doped lithium titanate oxide (Pr-LTO). Different techniques were then applied for structural and morphological characterization of LTO and Pr-LTO, including x-ray diffraction analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurements, and scanning electron microscopy. Although the LTO and Pr-LTO electrodes were prepared using similar procedures, the Pr-LTO electrode exhibited higher capacity as well as better cycling efficiency compared with LTO. The Pr-LTO electrode demonstrated high rate capability along with reversible capacity of 173 mAh g−1, 116 mAh g−1, and 62 mAh g−1 at 0.05 C, 1 C, and 2 C, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy also confirmed that Pr-LTO had higher electronic conductivity and faster lithium-ion diffusion compared with LTO.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
K. Amine, R. Kanno, and Y. Tzeng, MRS Bull. 39, 395 (2014).
L. Chen and L.L. Shaw, J. Power Sources 267, 770 (2014).
Z. Pourali, M.R. Sovizi, and M.R. Yaftian, J. Alloys Compd. 738, 130 (2018).
M.R. Sovizi and Z. Fahimi, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. E 86, 270 (2018).
M.G. Kim and J. Cho, Adv. Funct. Mater. 19, 1497 (2009).
J.W. Long, B. Dunn, D.R. Rolison, and H.S. White, Chem. Rev. 104, 4463 (2004).
R. Cao, W. Xu, D. Lv, J. Xiao, and J.G. Zhang, Adv. Energy Mater. 5, 1402273 (2015).
G. Xu, B. Ding, J. Pan, P. Nie, L. Shen, and X. Zhang, J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 12662 (2014).
S.T. Seyyedin, M.R. Sovizi, and M.R. Yaftian, Chem. Pap. 70, 1590 (2016).
M.R. Sovizi and A.R. Madram, Chem. Pap. 71, 21 (2016).
S.T. Seyyedin, M.R. Yaftian, and M.R. Sovizi, J. Solid State Electrochem. 21, 649 (2016).
M.R. Sovizi, M.R. Yaftian, and S.T. Seyyedin, New J. Chem. 41, 12589 (2017).
G. Rong, X. Zhang, W. Zhao, Y. Qiu, M. Liu, F. Ye, Y. Xu, J. Chen, Y. Hou, and W. Li, Adv. Mater. 29, 1606187 (2017).
Y.M. Lee, N.-S. Choi, J.H. Park, and J.-K. Park, J. Power Sources 119, 964 (2003).
K.N. Wood, E. Kazyak, A.F. Chadwick, K.-H. Chen, J.-G. Zhang, K. Thornton, and N.P. Dasgupta, ACS Cent. Sci. 2, 790 (2016).
T. Osaka, T. Momma, Y. Matsumoto, and Y. Uchida, J. Electrochem. Soc. 144, 1709 (1997).
G. Zheng, S.W. Lee, Z. Liang, H.-W. Lee, K. Yan, H. Yao, H. Wang, W. Li, S. Chu, and Y. Cui, Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 618 (2014).
R. Elazari, G. Salitra, G. Gershinsky, A. Garsuch, A. Panchenko, and D. Aurbach, Electrochem. Commun. 14, 21 (2012).
S. Goriparti, E. Miele, F. De Angelis, E. Di Fabrizio, R.P. Zaccaria, and C. Capiglia, J. Power Sources 257, 421 (2014).
J. Brückner, S. Thieme, F. Böttger-Hiller, I. Bauer, H.T. Grossmann, P. Strubel, H. Althues, S. Spange, and S. Kaskel, Adv. Funct. Mater. 24, 1284 (2014).
B. Duan, W. Wang, H. Zhao, A. Wang, M. Wang, K. Yuan, Z. Yu, and Y. Yang, ECS Electrochem. Lett. 2, A47 (2013).
X. Zhang, W. Wang, A. Wang, Y. Huang, K. Yuan, Z. Yu, J. Qiu, and Y. Yang, J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 11660 (2014).
C. Huang, J. Xiao, Y. Shao, J. Zheng, W.D. Bennett, D. Lu, L.V. Saraf, M. Engelhard, L. Ji, and J. Zhang, Nat. Commun. 5, 3015 (2014).
M. Reddy, G. Subba Rao, and B. Chowdari, Chem. Rev. 113, 5364 (2013).
M. Wagemaker, E.R. van Eck, A.P. Kentgens, and F.M. Mulder, J. Phys. Chem. B 113, 224 (2008).
T.-F. Yi, L.-J. Jiang, J. Shu, C.-B. Yue, R.-S. Zhu, and H.-B. Qiao, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 71, 1236 (2010).
Y. Wang, H. Li, P. He, E. Hosono, and H. Zhou, Nanoscale 2, 1294 (2010).
L. Qiao, X. Sun, Z. Yang, X. Wang, Q. Wang, and D. He, Carbon 54, 29 (2013).
Y. Wang, H. Rong, B. Li, L. Xing, X. Li, and W. Li, J. Power Sources 246, 213 (2014).
C. Lin, X. Fan, Y. Xin, F. Cheng, M.O. Lai, H. Zhou, and L. Lu, J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 9982 (2014).
K.-T. Kim, C.-Y. Yu, C.S. Yoon, S.-J. Kim, Y.-K. Sun, and S.-T. Myung, Nano Energy 12, 725 (2015).
C. Lin, M.O. Lai, L. Lu, H. Zhou, and Y. Xin, J. Power Sources 244, 272 (2013).
C. Chen, J. Vaughey, A. Jansen, D. Dees, A. Kahaian, T. Goacher, and M. Thackeray, J. Electrochem. Soc. 148, A102 (2001).
X. Li, M. Qu, and Z. Yu, J. Alloys Compd. 487, L12 (2009).
B. Tian, H. Xiang, L. Zhang, Z. Li, and H. Wang, Electrochim. Acta 55, 5453 (2010).
R.B. Khomane, A. Prakash, K. Ramesha, and M. Sathiya, Mater. Res. Bull. 46, 1139 (2011).
L. Suchow and M. Kokta, J. Solid State Chem. 5, 329 (1972).
Z. Zhong, Electrochem. Solid State Lett. 10, A267 (2007).
S. Lowell and J.E. Shields, Powder Surface Area and Porosity (Berlin: Springer, 2013).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sovizi, M.R., Pourali, S.M. Effect of Praseodymium Doping on Structural and Electrochemical Performance of Lithium Titanate Oxide (Li4Ti5O12) as New Anode Material for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. J. Electron. Mater. 47, 6525–6531 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-018-6552-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-018-6552-7