Abstract
Polymer nanocomposite films based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) containing copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS) were prepared using in situ chemical reduction and casting techniques. The synthesized nanocomposites were analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The XRD pattern reveals that the CuS nanoparticles incorporated in the PVA showed a crystalline nature. The observed FTIR band shifts indicate the intermolecular interaction between the CuS nanoparticles and the PVA matrix. The absorbance of nanocomposite samples increased with increasing CuS concentration. The optical band gap energy was estimated using Tauc’s formula and it decreased with increasing dopant concentration. The conductivity and dielectric behavior of the samples were studied over the frequency range of 300 Hz to 1 MHz in the temperature range of 30–110°C. The ac conductivity was found to increase with the increase of dopant concentration as well as frequency. Moreover, the variation of frequency exponent (s) indicated that the conduction mechanism was the correlated barrier hopping model. The experimental results reveal that the optical and electrical performance of PVA can be enhanced dramatically by the addition of a small amount of CuS nanoparticles. This improved properties of the PVA/CuS nanocomposite suggest uses in optoelectronic devices.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
M. Bulinski, V. Kuncser, C. Plapcianu, S. Krautwald, H. Franke, P. Rotaru, and G. Filoti, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 37, 2437 (2004).
OGh Abdullah and S.A. Hussen, Adv. Mater. Res. 383, 3257 (2012).
S.Y. Fu, X.Q. Feng, B. Lauke, and Y.W. Mai, Compos. B 39, 933 (2008).
S.F. Bdewi, OGh Abdullah, B.K. Aziz, and A.A.R. Mutar, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 26, 326 (2016).
S.R. Chauhan and S. Thakur, Mater. Des. 51, 398 (2013).
J. Xu, X. Cui, J. Zhang, H. Liang, H. Wang, and J. Li, Bull. Mater. Sci. 31, 189 (2008).
I. Saini, J. Rozra, N. Chandak, S. Aggarwal, P.K. Sharma, and A. Sharma, Mater. Chem. Phys. 139, 802 (2013).
J. Guan, J. Peng, and X. Jin, Anal. Methods 7, 5454 (2015).
Y. Hong, J. Zhang, F. Huang, J. Zhang, X. Wang, Z. Wu, Z. Lin, and J. Yu, J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 13913 (2015).
Y. Kim and D. Walsh, Nanoscale 2, 240 (2010).
S. Yu, J. Liu, W. Zhu, Z.T. Hu, T.-T. Lim, and X. Yan, Sci. Rep. 5, 16369 (2015).
L. Zhang, Y. Li, Z. Jin, J.C. Yu, and K.M. Chan, Nanoscale 7, 12614 (2015).
K. Ariga, Y. Yamauchi, G. Rydzek, Q. Ji, Y. Yonamine, K.C.W. Wu, and J.P. Hill, Chem. Lett. 43, 36 (2014).
K. Ariga, Q. Ji, W. Nakanishi, and J.P. Hill, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. 25, 466 (2015).
Y. Ni, F. Wang, H. Liu, Q. Zuo, Z. Xu, J. Hong, and X. Ma, Chin. J. Inorg. Chem. 19, 1197 (2003).
H. Wang, X. Lu, Y. Zhao, and C. Wang, Mater. Lett. 60, 2480 (2006).
H. Wang, J.R. Zhang, X.N. Zhao, S. Xu, and J.J. Zhu, Mater. Lett. 55, 253 (2002).
H. Xu, W. Wang, and W. Zhu, Mater. Lett. 60, 2203 (2006).
X. Dong, D. Potter, and C. Erkey, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 41, 4489 (2002).
Y. He and K. Li, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 306, 296 (2007).
Y. Ni, H. Liu, F. Wang, G. Yin, J. Hong, X. Ma, and Z. Xu, Appl. Phys. A 79, 2007 (2004).
X.H. Liao, N.Y. Chen, S. Xu, S.B. Yang, and J.J. Zhu, J. Cryst. Growth 252, 593 (2003).
H. Ji, J. Cao, J. Feng, X. Chang, X. Ma, J. Liu, and M. Zheng, Mater. Lett. 59, 3169 (2005).
P. Roy and S.K. Srivastava, Mater. Lett. 61, 1693 (2007).
T.H. Larsen, M. Sigman, A. Ghezelbash, R.C. Doty, and B.A. Korgel, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 5638 (2003).
H.N. Chandrakala, B. Ramaraj, Shivakumaraiah, G.M. Madhu, and Siddaramaiah, J. Alloys Compd. 551, 531 (2013).
P.K. Khanna, R. Gokhale, V.V.V.S. Subbarao, A.K. Vishwanath, B.K. Das, and C.V.V. Satyanarayana, Mater. Chem. Phys. 92, 229 (2015).
S. Sarma and P. Datta, Nanosci. Nanotechnol. Lett. 2, 261 (2010).
R.P. Chahal, S. Mahendia, A.K. Tomar, and S. Kumar, J. Alloys Compd. 538, 212 (2012).
K. Tezuka, W.C. Sheets, R. Kurihara, Y.J. Shan, H. Imoto, T.J. Marks, and K.R. Poeppelmeier, Solid State Sci. 9, 95 (2007).
C. Deng, X. Ge, H. Hu, L. Yao, C. Han, and D. Zhao, Cryst. Eng. Comm. 16, 2738 (2014).
Z. Li, L. Mi, W. Chen, H. Hou, C. Liu, H. Wang, Z. Zheng, and C. Shen, Cryst. Eng. Comm. 14, 3965 (2012).
M. Tanveer, C. Cao, Z. Ali, I. Aslam, F. Idrees, W.S. Khan, F.K. But, M. Tahira, and N. Mahmood, Cryst. Eng. Comm. 16, 5290 (2014).
R.V. Kumar, O. Palchik, Y. Koltypin, Y. Diamant, and A. Gedanken, Ultrason. Sonochem. 9, 65 (2009).
OGh Abdullah, D.A. Tahir, and K. Kadir, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 26, 6939 (2015).
OGh Abdullah, Y.A.K. Salman, and S.A. Saleem, Phys. Mater. Chem. 3, 18 (2015).
Z. Ali, H. Youssef, and T. Afify, Polym. Compos. 29, 1119 (2008).
OGh Abdullah, Y.A.K. Salman, and S.A. Saleem, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 27, 3591 (2016).
A.U. Ubale, K.S. Chipade, M.V. Bhute, P.P. Raut, G.P. Malpe, Y.S. Sakhare, and M.R. Belkhedkar, Int. J. Mater. Chem. 2, 165 (2012).
X. Liu, Q. Ren, F. Fu, R. Zou, Q. Wang, G. Xin, Z. Xiao, X. Huang, Q. Liu, and J. Hu, Dalton Trans. 44, 10343 (2015).
Y. Du, Z. Yin, J. Zhu, X. Huang, X.J. Wu, Z. Zeng, Q. Yan, and H. Zhang, Nat. Commun. 3, 1177 (2012).
A.A. Ziabari and F.E. Ghodsi, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 105, 249 (2012).
M. Madani, Curr. Appl. Phys. 11, 70 (2011).
N.F. Mott and E.A. Davis, Electronic Processes in Non-crystalline Materials, 1st ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979), p. 34.
X. Li, H. Zhu, J. Wei, K. Wang, E. Xu, Z. Li, and D. Wu, Appl. Phys. A 97, 341 (2009).
OGh Abdullah, S.B. Aziz, K.M. Omer, and Y.M. Salih, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 26, 5303 (2015).
U. Baishya and D. Sarkar, Bull. Mater. Sci. 34, 1285 (2011).
A. Hassen, A.M. El Sayed, W.M. Morsi, and S. El-Sayed, J. Appl. Phys. 112, 093525 (2012).
O. Nakhaei, N. Shahtahmassebi, M. Rezaeeroknabadi, and M.M.B. Mohagheghi, Sci. Iran. F 19, 1979 (2012).
M. Ghanipour and D. Dorranian, J. Nanomater. 2013, 1 (2013). doi:10.1155/2013/897043.
H.M. Zidan, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 88, 104 (2003).
S.A. Sbeih and A.M. Zihlif, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 24, 145405 (2009).
J.C. Dyre and T.B. Schroder, Rev. Mod. Phys. 72, 873 (2000).
G.C. Psarras, J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 45, 2535 (2007).
G.C. Psarras, Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 37, 1545 (2006).
K. Ulutas, D. Deger, and S. Yakut, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 417, 012040 (2013).
J. Yang, X.J. Meng, M.R. Shen, L. Fang, J.L. Wang, T. Lin, J.L. Sun, and J.H. Chu, J. Appl. Phys. 104, 104113 (2008).
A.K. Jonscher, J. Mater. Sci. 13, 553 (1978).
S.B. Aziz and Z.H.Z. Abidin, Mater. Chem. Phys. 144, 280 (2014).
P.B. Bhargav, V.M. Mohan, A.K. Sharma, and V.V.R.N. Rao, Curr. Appl. Phys. 9, 165 (2009).
V. Raja, A.K. Sharma, and V.V.R.N. Rao, Mater. Lett. 58, 3242 (2004).
T. Blythe and D. Bloor, Electrical Properties of Polymers, 2nd ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), p. 48.
D. Nwabunma and T. Kyu, Polyolefin Composites (New York: Wiley, 2008).
M. Trihotri, U.K. Dwivedi, F.H. Khan, M.M. Malik, and M.S. Qureshi, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 421, 1 (2015).
P.K. Khare and S.K. Jain, Bull. Mater. Sci. 23, 17 (2000).
B.G. Soares, M.E. Leyva, G.M.O. Barra, and D. Khastgir, Eur. Polym. J. 42, 676 (2006).
S.A. Mohamed, A.A. Al-Ghamdi, G.D. Sharma, and M.K. El Mansy, J. Adv. Res. 5, 79 (2014).
S.B. Aziz, R.T. Abdulwahid, H.A. Rsaul, and H.M. Ahmed, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 27, 4163 (2016).
M.T. Ramesan, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 128, 1540 (2013).
Acknowledgements
The authors desire to thank the University of Sulaimani, for providing financial support for this research. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Ministry of Science and Technology for the facility in their laboratories.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Abdullah, O.G., Saleem, S.A. Effect of Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles on the Optical and Electrical Behavior of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Films. J. Electron. Mater. 45, 5910–5920 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-016-4797-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-016-4797-6