Abstract
To improve the flame resistance of polypropylene (PP)/carbon fiber (CF) composite materials, triazine char-forming agent (TCA) was compounded with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) or modified APP (CS-APP) in a 2:1 ratio to prepare intumescent flame retardant (IFR) and the modified intumescent flame retardant (CS-IFR) in this paper. Flame retardancy and thermal degradation behaviors of the composites modified by IFR and CS-IFR were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), contact angle measurement, oxygen index (OI), vertical burning tests (UL-94), thermogravimetric analyer (TGA), and thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared (TG-FTIR). It was found that 25.0 phr of IFR and 24.0 phr of CS-IFR could improve the LOI value of PP/CF composites to 28.3% and 28.9%, respectively. At the same time, a UL-94 V-0 rating was achieved. The experimental results show that the IFR and CS-IFR prepared could effectively improve the flame retardancy and thermostability of PP/CF composites, and they would greatly expand the application range of PP/CF composite materials.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Jeencham R, Suppakarn N, Jarukumjorn K. Effect of Flame Retardants on Flame Retardant, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Sisal fiber/polypropylene Composites(Article)[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2014, 56: 249–253
Vincenzo B, Roberta C. Microstructure of Polypropylene[J]. Progress in Polymer Science, 2001, 26(3): 443–533
Naoki H, Hirotaka O, Makoto K, Arimistu U. Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene-clay Hybrids Based on Modified Polypropylene and Organophilic Clay[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2000, 78(11): 1918–1922
Zhang ZX, Zhang J, Lu BX. Effect of Flame Retardants on Mechanical Properties, Flammability and Foamability of PP/wood-fiber Composites[J]. Composites Part B-Engineering, 2012, 43(2): 150–158
Tian HF, Yao YY, Liu D, et al. Enhanced Interfacial Adhesion and Properties of Polypropylene/Carbon Fiber Composites by Fiber Surface Oxidation in Presence of a Compatibilizer[J]. Polymer Comosites, 2019, 40: E654–E662
Kada D, Migneault, Sébastien, Tabak G, et al. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene-Wood-Carbon Fiber Hybrid Composites[J]. Bioresources, 2015, 11(1): 1393–1406
Samieyan, Rahimi, Ershad L. Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites with Plasma Treated Constituent Materials[J]. Plastics, Rubber and Composites, 2013, 42(6): 256–263
Yang YH, Pan YX, Feng ZH et al. Evaluation of Aerospace Carbon Fibers[J]. New Carbon Materials, 29(3): 161–168
Mohit S, Gao SL, Edith M, et al. Carbon Fiber Surfaces and Composite Interphases[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2014, 102: 35–50
Gregory J.E, Lin YR, Henry A.S. Carboxyl Functionalization of Carbon Fibers Through a Grafting Reaction that Preserves Fiber Tensile Strength(Article)[J]. Carbon, 2011, 49(13): 4246–4255
Zhang RL, Gao B, Ma QH, et al. Directly Grafting Graphene Oxide Onto Carbon Fiber and the Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Composites[J]. Materials & Design, 2016, 93: 364–369
Andideh M, Esfandeh M. Effect of Surface Modification of Electro-chemically Oxidized Carbon Fibers by Grafting Hydroxyl and Amine Functionalized Hyperbranched Polyurethanes on Interlaminar Shear Strength of Epoxy Composites(Article)[J]. Carbon, 2017, 123: 233–242
Ma LC, Meng LH, Wu GS. Improving the Interfacial Properties of Carbon Fiber-reinforced Epoxy Composites by Grafting of Branched Polyethyleneimine on Carbon Fiber Surface in Supercritical Methanol[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2015, 114: 64–71
Yang HF, Gong J, Wen X. Effect of Carbon Black on Improving Thermal Stability, Flame Retardancy and Electrical Conductivity of Polypropylene/carbon Fiber Composites[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2015, 113: 31–37
Shan XY, Han J, Song Y, et al. Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resin/β-cyclodextrin@Resorcinol Bisdiphenylphosphate Inclusion Composites[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology -Materials Science), 2020, 35(2): 455–463
Yun L, Cheng LD, Jing Z, et al. An Efficiently Halogen-free Flame-retardant Long-glass-fiber-reinforced Polypropylene System[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2010, 96(3): 363–370
Lai XJ, Chen Ye, Qiu JD, et al. Study on the Flame-retardant Mechanism of Melamine Pyrophosphate/pentaerythritol on Polypropylene[J]. Plastic Technology, 2015, 43(11): 28–31
Li SY, Gao SJ, Liu JW. Preparation and Properties of Polypropylene Composites Reinforced by Short Carbon Fiber[J]. Engineering Plastics Application, 2017, 12: 1–7
Zhou DF, Luo X, He M. Research on Properties of Long Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene with Halogen-free Intumescent Flame Retardant[J]. Engineering Plastics Application, 2013, 9: 28–32
Funding
Funded by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of China(NCET-12-0912)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gao, S., Li, Y. Intumescent Flame-retardant Modification of Polypropylene/Carbon Fiber Composites. J. Wuhan Univ. Technol.-Mat. Sci. Edit. 37, 163–169 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-022-2513-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-022-2513-3