Abstract
The layer-wound coil has a great potential in nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging owing to the better spatial homogeneity of the magnetic field. However, high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coil wound by no-insulation (NI) layer-wound technique has been verified with a long field delay time. A new method named the intra-layer no-insulation (LNI) winding technique has been proposed to reduce the charging delay time of the coil. This paper is mainly to study and compare the ramping loss and mechanical characteristics of the layer-wound coil and LNI coil. The results indicate that the total ramping loss can be significantly reduced by using the LNI winding method. The effects of the ramping rate of power supply current and the contact resistivity on the ramping loss are also discussed in the paper. Furthermore, the stress distributions in the layer-wound coil and LNI coil are compared, where the cooling process and Lorentz force are both considered. It can be found that the copper sheet of the LNI coil experiences relatively higher stress than its (RE)Ba2Cu3Ox (REBCO) conductor layer. Meanwhile, the magnitude of stress generated in the REBCO conductor of the LNI coil is slightly different from that of the layer-wound coil.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Hahn S, Park D K, Bascunan J, et al. HTS pancake coils without turn-to-turn insulation. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond, 2011, 21: 1592–1595
Yanagisawa Y, Sato K, Yanagisawa K, et al. Basic mechanism of self-healing from thermal runaway for uninsulated REBCO pancake coils. Physica C-Supercond, 2014, 499: 40–44
Liu D, Zhang W, Yong H, et al. Thermal stability and mechanical behavior in no-insulation high-temperature superconducting pancake coils. Supercond Sci Technol, 2018, 31: 085010
Liu D, Zhang W, Yong H, et al. Numerical analysis of thermal stability and mechanical response in a no-insulation high-temperature superconducting layer-wound coil. Supercond Sci Technol, 2019, 32: 044001
Wang Y, Chan W K, Schwartz J. Self-protection mechanisms in no-insulation (RE)Ba2Cu3Ox high temperature superconductor pancake coils. Supercond Sci Technol, 2016, 29: 045007
Kim K, Kim K, Bhattarai K R, et al. Quench behavior of a no-insulation coil wound with stainless steel cladding REBCO tape at 4.2 K. Supercond Sci Technol, 2017, 30: 075001
Quach H L, Kim J H, Hyeon C J, et al. Electrical and thermal analyses of a second generation high temperature superconducting magnet with vanadium III oxide and Kapton polyimide film insulation materials under an over-pulse current. Supercond Sci Technol, 2019, 32: 065006
Song J B, Hahn S, Lécrevisse T, et al. Over-current quench test and self-protecting behavior of a 7 T/78 mm multi-width no-insulation REBCO magnet at 4.2 K. Supercond Sci Technol, 2015, 28: 114001
Bhattarai K R, Kim K, Kim S, et al. Quench analysis of a multiwidth no-insulation 7-T 78-mm REBCO magnet. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond, 2017, 27: 4603505
Yoon S, Kim J, Cheon K, et al. 26 T 35 mm all-GdBa2Cu3O7−x multi-width no-insulation superconducting magnet. Supercond Sci Technol, 2016, 29: 04LT04
Liu D, Li D, Zhang W, et al. Electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical behaviors of a no-insulation double-pancake coil induced by a quench in the self field and the high field. Supercond Sci Technol, 2021, 34: 025014
Chan W K, Schwartz J. Improved stability, magnetic field preservation and recovery speed in (RE)Ba2Cu3Ox-based no-insulation magnets via a graded-resistance approach. Supercond Sci Technol, 2017, 30: 074007
Hahn S, Kim Y, Ling J, et al. No-insulation coil under time-varying condition: Magnetic coupling with external coil. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond, 2013, 23: 4601705
Wang Y, Song H. Influence of turn-to-turn resistivity and coil geometrical size on charging characteristics of no-electrical-insulation REBCO pancake coils. Supercond Sci Technol, 2016, 29: 075006
Yanagisawa K, Iguchi S, Xu Y, et al. A long charging delay for a no-insulation REBCO layer-wound coil and its influence on operation with outer LTS coils. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond, 2016, 26: 4602304
Suetomi Y, Yanagisawa K, Nakagome H, et al. Mechanism of notable difference in the field delay times of no-insulation layer-wound and pancake-wound REBCO coils. Supercond Sci Technol, 2016, 29: 105002
Trociewitz U P, Dalban-Canassy M, Hannion M, et al. 35.4 T field generated using a layer-wound superconducting coil made of (RE) Ba2Cu3O7−x (RE=rare earth) coated conductor. Appl Phys Lett, 2011, 99: 202506
Matsumoto S, Kiyoshi T, Otsuka A, et al. Generation of 24 T at 4.2 K using a layer-wound GdBCO insert coil with Nb3Sn and Nb-Ti external magnetic field coils. Supercond Sci Technol, 2012, 25: 025017
Matsumoto S, Choi S, Kiyoshi T, et al. REBCO layer-wound coil tests under electromagnetic forces in an external magnetic field of up to 17.2 T. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond, 2012, 22: 9501604
Suetomi Y, Takahashi S, Takao T, et al. A novel winding method for a no-insulation layer-wound REBCO coil to provide a short magnetic field delay and self-protect characteristics. Supercond Sci Technol, 2019, 32: 045003
Yoshida T, Suetomi Y, Takahashi K, et al. Performance of epoxy-impregnated intra-layer no-insulation (LNI) REBCO coils at 77 K. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2021.3065875
Suetomi Y, Yoshida T, Takahashi S, et al. Quench and self-protecting behaviour of an intra-layer no-insulation (LNI) REBCO coil at 31.4 T. Supercond Sci Technol, 2021, 34: 064003
Grilli F, Ashworth S P. Measuring transport AC losses in YBCO-coated conductor coils. Supercond Sci Technol, 2007, 20: 794–799
Zhang M, Yuan W, Kvitkovic J, et al. Total AC loss study of 2G HTS coils for fully HTS machine applications. Supercond Sci Technol, 2015, 28: 115011
Ryu K, Choi B J, Chun Y H. Magnetization loss characteristics in a stack of Bi-2223 tapes. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond, 2003, 13: 2360–2363
Escamez G, Badel A, Tixador P, et al. Numerical modelling of AC hysteresis losses in HTS tubes. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond, 2015, 25: 8201505
Niu M, Yong H, Xia J, et al. The effects of ferromagnetic disks on AC losses in HTS pancake coils with nonmagnetic and magnetic substrates. J Supercond Nov Magn, 2019, 32: 499–510
Wang Y, Song H, Yuan W, et al. Ramping turn-to-turn loss and magnetization loss of a No-Insulation (RE)Ba2Cu3Ox high temperature superconductor pancake coil. J Appl Phys, 2017, 121: 113903
Ang Z, Bejar I, Bottura L, et al. Measurement of AC loss and magnetic field during ramps in the LHC model dipoles. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond, 1999, 9: 742–745
Jang J Y, Yoon S, Hahn S, et al. Design, construction and 13 K conduction-cooled operation of a 3 T 100 mm stainless steel cladding all-REBCO magnet. Supercond Sci Technol, 2017, 30: 105012
Mbam S O, Gou X F. Interface crack growth rate and fatigue life of multilayer-coated conductor tapes. Eng Fract Mech, 2020, 228: 106910
Wang T, Li Z, Cao J, et al. Mechanical damage of YBa2CU3O7-coated conducting film caused by its CeO2 interface with defects. Int J Appl Mech, 2019, 11: 1950038
Zhang X, Sun C, Liu C, et al. A standardized measurement method and data analysis for the delamination strengths of YBCO coated conductors. Supercond Sci Technol, 2020, 33: 035005
Gao P, Chan W K, Wang X, et al. Mixed-dimensional modeling of delamination in rare earth-barium-copper-oxide coated conductors composed of laminated high-aspect-ratio thin films. Supercond Sci Technol, 2018, 31: 074004
Lécrevisse T, Badel A, Benkel T, et al. Metal-as-insulation variant of no-insulation HTS winding technique: Pancake tests under high background magnetic field and high current at 4.2 K. Supercond Sci Technol, 2018, 31: 055008
Shin H S, Dedicatoria M J. Variation of the strain effect on the critical current due to external lamination in REBCO coated conductors. Supercond Sci Technol, 2012, 25: 054013
Su X, Liu C, Zhou J, et al. A method to access the electro-mechanical properties of superconducting thin film under uniaxial compression. Acta Mech Sin, 2020, 36: 1046–1050
Liu J, Wang Q, Qin L, et al. World record 32.35 tesla direct-current magnetic field generated with an all-superconducting magnet. Supercond Sci Technol, 2020, 33: 03LT01
Bhattarai K R, Kim K, Kim K, et al. Understanding quench in no-insulation (NI) REBCO magnets through experiments and simulations. Supercond Sci Technol, 2020, 33: 035002
Wang Y, Zhang M, Yuan W, et al. Non-uniform ramping losses and thermal optimization with turn-to-turn resistivity grading in a (RE) Ba2Cu3Ox magnet consisting of multiple no-insulation pancake coils. J Appl Phys, 2017, 122: 053902
Wang X, Hahn S, Kim Y, et al. Turn-to-turn contact characteristics for an equivalent circuit model of no-insulation ReBCO pancake coil. Supercond Sci Technol, 2013, 26: 035012
Liu D, Yong H, Zhou Y. Analysis of charging and sudden-discharging characteristics of no-insulation REBCO coil using an electromagnetic coupling model. AIP Adv, 2017, 7: 115104
Wang T, Noguchi S, Wang X, et al. Analyses of transient behaviors of no-insulation REBCO pancake coils during sudden discharging and overcurrent. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond, 2015, 25: 4603409
Rhyner J. Magnetic properties and AC-losses of superconductors with power law current-voltage characteristics. Physica C-Supercond, 1993, 212: 292–300
Grilli F, Sirois F, Zermeno V M R, et al. Self-consistent modeling of the Ic of HTS devices: How accurate do models really need to be? IEEE Trans Appl Supercond, 2014, 24: 8000508
Liang F, Venuturumilli S, Zhang H, et al. A finite element model for simulating second generation high temperature superconducting coils/stacks with large number of turns. J Appl Phys, 2017, 122: 043903
Zhang H, Zhang M, Yuan W. An efficient 3D finite element method model based on the T-A formulation for superconducting coated conductors. Supercond Sci Technol, 2017, 30: 024005
Noguchi S. Electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical quench simulation of NI REBCO pancake coils for high magnetic field generation. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond, 2019, 29: 4602607
Xia J, Bai H, Yong H, et al. Stress and strain analysis of a REBCO high field coil based on the distribution of shielding current. Supercond Sci Technol, 2019, 32: 095005
Gao P, Wei X, Wu B, et al. Numerical investigation on decreasing radial stress in epoxy impregnated REBCO pancake coils by over-band. Cryogenics, 2019, 103: 102971
Niu M, Xia J, Yong H, et al. Quench characteristics and mechanical responses during quench propagation in rare earth barium copper oxide pancake coils. Appl Math Mech-Engl Ed, 2021, 42: 235–250
Boso D P. A simple and effective approach for thermo-mechanical modelling of composite superconducting wires. Supercond Sci Technol, 2013, 26: 045006
Zhang Y, Hazelton D W, Kelley R, et al. Stress-strain relationship, critical strain (stress) and irreversible strain (stress) of IBADMOCVD-based 2G HTS wires under uniaxial tension. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond, 2016, 26: 8400406
DUPONT Kapton® HN general-purpose polyimide film. https://www.dupont.com/products/kapton-hn.html
Osamura K, Sugano M, Machiya S, et al. Internal residual strain and critical current maximum of a surrounded Cu stabilized YBCO coated conductor. Supercond Sci Technol, 2009, 22: 065001
Dizon J R C, Nisay A R N, Dedicatoria M J A, et al. Analysis of thermal residual stress/strain in REBCO coated conductor tapes. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond, 2014, 24: 8400905
Ilin K, Yagotintsev K A, Zhou C, et al. Experiments and FE modeling of stress-strain state in ReBCO tape under tensile, torsional and transverse load. Supercond Sci Technol, 2015, 28: 055006
Hsueh C H, Paranthaman M. Analytical modeling of residual stresses in multilayered superconductor systems. J Mater Sci, 2008, 43: 6223–6232
Ochiai S, Rokkaku H, Morishita K, et al. Thermally induced residual strain accumulation in Bi2223/Ag/Ag alloy composite superconductor. Supercond Sci Technol, 2007, 20: 202–210
Zhang Z, Chen W, Gou X. Numerical studies of thermally induced residual strain/stress in Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox/Ag/Ag alloy composite tapes and the dependence of material properties on the temperature. J Supercond Nov Magn, 2014, 27: 1387–1396
Cheon J H, Shankar P S, Singh J P. Influence of processing methods on residual stress evolution in coated conductors. Supercond Sci Technol, 2004, 18: 142–146
Miyagi D, Kato M, Yoshida Y, et al. Influence of a coil bobbin on transient thermal stress in a REBCO pancake coil. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond, 2018, 28: 4603505
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11872195, 11472120) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. lzujbky-2020-1).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, D., Liu, D. & Yong, H. Ramping loss and mechanical response in a no-insulation high-temperature superconducting layer-wound coil and intra-layers no-insulation coil. Sci. China Technol. Sci. 65, 115–130 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-020-1894-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-020-1894-y