Abstract
The genus Leptus Latreille, 1796 (Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae) is represented by more than 250 species worldwide, and the larval stages of these mites are ectoparasites of many arthropod orders. In Brazil, there are 12 species of Leptus, some of which have been reported parasitising representatives of the orders Opiliones, Araneae, Coleoptera, Heteroptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera. This paper describes Leptus (Leptus) haitlingeri n. sp. collected from horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from L. (L.) adaminae Haitlinger, 2004 and L. (L.) fozicus Haitlinger, 2004 by the presence of 4 branched setae on palptarsus (vs 2 branched setae). A key to the larvae of Leptus spp. in Brazil is provided.
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Introduction
Most larvae in the family Erythraeidae Robineau-Desvoidy, 1828 are ectoparasites of arthropods and some could be potential vectors of pathogens or biological control agents of hosts (DiBlasi et al., 2011; González-Moraga et al., 2015; Welbourn, 1983). This family belongs to the order Trombidiformes Reuter, 1909 and comprises 66 genera, including Leptus Latreille, 1796 with approximately 275 species described worldwide (Mąkol & Wohltmann, 2012). In Brazil, larval stages of Leptus spp. have been recorded from species of the following arthropod orders: Opiliones; Araneae (Actinopodidae); Coleoptera (Chrysomelidae and Lycidae); Heteroptera (Lygaeidae, Pentatomidae and Reduviidae); Hymenoptera (Apidae); and Diptera (Sarcophagidae) (see Oudemans, 1905, Haitlinger, 1987, 1991; Coracini & Samuels, 2002; Teixeira, 2011; Pereira et al., 2012; Pinto et al., 2014; Martin & Correia-Oliveira, 2016; Salvatierra & Almeida, 2017).
Thirteen species of Leptus have been recorded from Brazil. One species, Leptus (Leptus) calvescens (Berlese, 1888), is only known from the free-living/predatory post-larval instar; the remaining 12 species are only known from the larval instar: L. (L.) adaminae Haitlinger, 2004; L. (L.) alberti Haitlinger, 1991; L. (L.) brasilicus Haitlinger, Šundić & Pompermaier, 2017; L. (L.) candangus Šundić, Haitlinger & Pompermaier, 2017; L. (L.) cyryli Haitlinger, 1991; L. (L.) fozicus Haitlinger, 2004; L. (L.) iguacuicus Haitlinger, 2004; L. (L.) mariani Haitlinger, 1991; L. (L.) onnae Haitlinger, 2000; L. (L.) planaltensis Haitlinger, Šundić & Pompermaier, 2017; L. (L.) stieglmayri Oudemans, 1905); and L. (L.) stolae Haitlinger, 1987 (Haitlinger, 1987, 1991, 2000a, 2004; Haitlinger & Šundić 2016; Haitlinger et al., 2017; Mąkol & Wohltmann 2012; Šundić et al., 2017).
Here we describe a new species of Leptus found on horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae), collected in two municipalities in the State of São Paulo, Brazil and provide a key for identification of the larvae of Leptus spp. in Brazil.
Materials and methods
Parasitic larval erythraeids collected from horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae), deposited in the Acari Collection of the Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil (IBSP), were examined. The alcohol fixed specimens were slide-mounted in Hoyer’s medium according to Walter & Krantz (2009). In addition, some old slide mounted specimens in the same collection, were remounted using the technique described by Jacinavicius et al. (2013).
The mites were examined using two microscopy techniques: phase contrast (PC) and differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. The specimens were illustrated and measured using a Leica DFC 500 digital camera coupled to a Leica DM4000B phase contrast microscope with a drawing tube and a Leica DFC310 FX digital camera coupled to a Leica DMi8 differential interference contrast inverted microscope. The images were edited by Inkscape V. 2 and Adobe Photoshop v.13.0. All measurements are given in micrometres as the range followed by the mean in parentheses.
The terminology and measurements generally follows Robaux (1974), Southcott (1992), Haitlinger (1999, 2013) and Haitlinger et al. (2017) with additional data from the leg solenidia. We also followed the terminology proposed by Grandjean (1935, 1947) for leg chaetotaxy, and we adopted the nomenclature proposed by Kethley (1990). For L. (L.) nikanori and L. (L.) mariani we used the comparative morphometric data by Mayoral & Barranco (2011) and Haitlinger & Šundić (2016), respectively.
Hosts collected between the years 1938 and 1940 are housed at the Entomological Collection of the Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil (IBSP). These specimens were identified as belonging to Fidena and their taxonomic status was confirmed to the subgenus level Fidena (Fidena) spp. based on Coscarón & Papavero (2009).
Family Erythraeidae Robineau-Desvoidy, 1828
Genus Leptus Latreille, 1796
Leptus ( Leptus ) haitlingeri Jacinavicius, Bassini-Silva & Welbourn n. sp.
Type-host: Fidena (Fidena) sp. (Diptera: Tabanidae), horsefly.
Type-locality: Serra da Cantareira, São Paulo municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil.
Type-material: The holotype and 7 paratypes (all larval) from Fidena (Fidena) sp. (Diptera: Tabanidae) were deposited in the IBSP (reg. no. IBSP1830 - IBSP1835). Hosts were deposited in the Entomological Collection of Butantan Institute (reg. no. IBSP 3266, IBSP 3267, IBSP 3271, IBSP 3273, IBSP 3281 and IBSP 3291), 18.i.1940, coll. Fonseca.
Additional material examined: One larva of the same host species (host reg. no. IBSP 2725), same locality, 13.iii.1939, coll. Fonseca; mite deposited in the IBSP (reg. no. IBSP 1642); 3 larvae of the same host species (host reg. no. IBSP 2726 - IBSP 2728), same locality, 03.ii.1939, coll. Fonseca; all mite specimens deposited in the IBSP (reg. no. IBSP1643, IBSP1644 and IBSP1646); 1 larva of the same host species (host reg. no. IBSP 2729), same locality, 7.ii.1939, coll. Fonseca; mite deposited in the IBSP (reg. no. IBSP 1651); 12 larvae of the same host species (host reg. no. IBSP 3239, IBSP 3269, IBSP 3270, IBSP 3272, IBSP 3277, IBSP 3282, IBSP 3284–IBSP3286 and IBSP 3294), same locality, 20.i.1940, coll. Fonseca; all mite specimens deposited in the IBSP (reg. no. IBSP1837–IBSP 1846); 10 larvae of the same host species (host reg. no. IBSP 3268, IBSP 3274, IBSP 3276 and IBSP 329), same locality, 27.i.1940, coll. Fonseca; all mite specimens deposited in the IBSP (reg. no. IBSP1847–IBSP1849, IBSP1851, IBSP1852, IBSP1855 and IBSP1857); 1 larva of the same host species (host reg. no. IBSP 2630), Brazil, São Paulo state, Ribeirão Preto municipality, Fazenda Fortaleza, 18.vii.1938, coll. Fonseca; mite deposited in the IBSP (reg. no. IBSP 1688).
ZooBank registration: To comply with the regulations set out in article 8.5 of the amended 2012 version of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 2012), details of the new species have been submitted to ZooBank. The Life Science Identifier (LSID) for Leptus (Leptus) haitlingeri n. sp. is urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BCA4682B-1993-4519-9C5E-BA2B99AC47D8.
Etymology: The name is given in honor of the Polish researcher Professor Ryszard Haitlinger, in recognition of his contributions to the knowledge of Brazilian Erythraeidae.
Larva [Based on the holotype and 7 paratypes; Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4.] Gnathosoma: palp setal formula B/B/BBB/4B2Nζω (Figs. 1D–F); odontus entire, chelicera with expanded base and long narrow neck terminating in cheliceral blade with tricuspid cap; gnathobase punctate (Fig. 3D); nude galeal setae (cs); nude adoral setae (as), branched subcapitular setae (bs), longer than adoral setae; with supracoxal setae (elcp) (Figs. 1E, F). Idiosoma: eyes 2, prodorsal sclerite punctate, pentagonal shape with 2 pairs of flagelliform trichobothria (si and vi), 1 pair of ve (= AL) setae and 1 pair of se (= PL); se ≥ ve > si > vi; distal quarter of si and vi with setules; anterior margin of prodorsal sclerite concave (Figs. 1G, 3A, B). Idiosoma with 68–76 setae, 50–58 scattered dorsal opisthosomal setae with small setules (Figs. 1H, 4A); ventral idiosoma with 16–18 setae with small setules on only one side (Figs. 1I, 4B), 1 pair of 1a setae (Fig. 4D), 1 pair of 2a setae (Fig. 4E) and 2 pairs of 3a setae (Figs. 4G, H), anterior pair of 3a setae (A3a) shorter than posterior pair (P3a) (Fig. 1I, K). Legs: femur legs I-III each divided into basifemur and telofemur, each leg terminated with pair of falciform claws with onychotriches, and pulvilliform empodium; solenidia and eupathidia on legs without companion setae (z); coxal fields punctate. Leg I: coxal field with 1 branched seta 1b (1B) (Fig. 4C) and a peg-like supracoxal seta; trochanter 1B; basifemur 2B; telofemur 5B; genu 8B, σ, with κ; tibia 14B, 2 φ, with κ; tarsus 27B, with ω, ε, terminating with subterminal eupathid (ζ), famulus (ε) distal to ω (Figs. 1A, 2A, 3C). Leg II: coxal field seta 2b (1B) (Fig. 4F); trochanter 1B; basifemur 2B; telofemur 5B; genu 8B, with κ; tibia 15B, 2 φ; tarsus 27B, with ω, with subterminal eupathids (ζ) near distal end of segment, (Figs. 1B, 2B). Leg III: coxal field seta 3b (1B) (Fig. 4I), trochanter 1B; basifemur 1B; telofemur 5B; genu 8B; tibia 15B, φ; tarsus 26B, and subterminal eupathid (ζ) (Figs. 1C, 2C).
Post-larval instars unknown.
Differential diagnosis
Leptus (Leptus) haitlingeri n. sp. possesses four branched and two nude setae on palptarsus, two pairs of adoral setae (as and cs) and one pair of subcapitular setae (bs); the anterior pair (as) is shorter than the cs, the subcapitular setae (bs) are branched and longer. The new species is similar to the Neotropical species with a single seta on the palpfemur and the palpgenu, two pairs of 3a setae and one solenidion on genu of the leg I. These species include: L. (L.) adaminae; L. (L.) alberti; L. (L.) annikae Haitlinger, 2000; L. (L.) ariel; L. (L.) cyryli; L. (L.) fozicus; L. (L.) mariani; L. (L.) nikanori Haitlinger, 2000; L. (L.) olafi Haitlinger 1991; L. (L.) onnae; L. (L.) simonettae Haitlinger, 2000; L. (L.) stolae; and L. (L.) tiranicus Haitlinger, 2006 (see Haitlinger, 1987, 1991, 2000a, b, 2004, 2006; Southcott, 1989). However, the new species differs from L. (L.) adaminae in having bs branched (vs nude), palptarsus with 4B2Nζω (vs 2B4Nζω) and a palptibial formula BBB (vs NBB); from L. (L.) annikae in having a shorter as, bs branched (vs nude), and palptarsus with 4B2Nζω (vs 3B3Nζω); from L. (L.) ariel in having bs branched (vs nude) and a larger ω on the tarsus of leg I; from L. (L.) cyryli in having a shorter prodorsal sclerite (73–90 vs 100 µm), a concave anterior border (vs anterior border straight), a larger ωI (62–66 vs 52 µm), and a shorter φ′ II (10–12 vs 20 µm), φ″ II (30–33 vs 40 µm) and φ′ III (30–33 vs 42 µm); from L. (L.) fozicus in having palptarsus with 4B2Nζω (vs 2B4Nζω) and a palptibial formula BBB (vs NBB); from L. (L.) mariani in having palptarsus with 4B2Nζω (vs 6Nζω), a smaller prodorsal sclerite (length: 73–90 vs 98–102 µm; width: 106–119 vs 128–133 µm), AW (78–88 vs 92–94 µm), PW (94–108 vs 113–118 µm)] and a longer branched (vs nude) bs (41–54 vs 27–30 µm, cited incorrectly as as); from L. (L.) nikanori in having the palptarsus with 4B2Nζω (vs 1B5Nζω), unfortunately the original description did not describe the adoral or subcapitular setae; from L. (L.) olafi and L. (L.) alberti in having bs branched (vs nude), larger ω on the tarsus of leg I, palptarsus with 4B2Nζω (vs all setae nude); from L. (L.) onnae in having palptarsus with 4B2Nζω (vs 1B5Nζω), larger ω on the tarsus of leg I; from L. (L.) simonettae in having palptarsus with 4B2Nζω (vs 2B4Nζω), bs branched (vs nude); from L. (L.) stolae in having palptarsus with 4B2Nζω (vs 6Nζω); and from L. (L.) tiranicus in having palptarsus with 4B2Nζω (vs 1B5Nζω), bs branched (vs nude), incorrectly cited in original description as as.
Key to the larvae of Leptus spp. in Brazil
1a Palpgenu with two setae ……………………… L. (L.) iguacuicus Haitlinger, 2004
1b Palpgenu with one seta ……… 2
2a Leg III with a single solenidion on the tibia; no solenidia on the genu, telofemur and basifemur of leg III ……… 3
2b Leg III with numerous solenidia on the tibia, genu, telofemur and basifemur ……………………… L. (L.) candangus Šundić, Haitlinger & Pompermaier, 2017
3a Genu of leg I with one or no solenidion (σ) ……… 4
3b Genu of leg I with five σ ……………………… L. (L.) stieglmayri (Oudemans, 1905)
4a Genu of leg I with one solenidion (σ) ……… 5
4b Genu of leg I without solenidia ……………………… L. (L.) planaltensis Haitlinger, Šundić & Pompermaier, 2017
5a Genu of leg II without solenidia; palptarsus with at least one branched seta ……… 6
5b Genu of leg II with one solenidion; palptarsus without branched setae ……………………… L. (L.) mariani Haitlinger, 1991
6a Tibia of legs I-III each < 300 µm long ……… 7
6b Tibia of legs I-III each > 300 µm long ……………………… L. (L.) stolae Haitlinger, 1987
7a Tibia of leg III < 200 µm long; dorsal opisthosoma setae usually < 50 µm long ……… 8
7b Tibia of leg III > 200 µm long; dorsal opisthosoma setae usually > 60 µm long ……………………… L (L.) cyryli Haitlinger, 1991
8a Palptarsus with at least 2 branched setae ……… 10
8b Palptarsus with 1 branched seta (fPTa = 1B5Nζω) ……… 9
9a Dorsal opisthosoma with at least 60 setae; dorsal opisthosomal setae filiform ……………………… L. (L.) onnae Haitlinger, 2000
9b Dorsal opisthosoma with less than 50 setae; dorsal opisthosomal setae lanceolate ……………………… L. (L.) brasilicus Haitlinger, Šundić & Pompermaier, 2017
10a Palptarsus with no more than 2 branched setae ……… 11
10b Palptarsus with 4 branched setae (fPTa=4B2Nζω) ……………………… L. (L.) haitlingeri n. sp.
11a Tarsus of legs I and III each < 100 μm long; tibia of leg I each < 110 μm long; tibia of leg III each < 130 μm long ………………………… L. (L.) adaminae Haitlinger, 2004
11b Tarsus of legs I-III each > 120 μm long; tibia of legs I and III each > 130 μm long; tibia of leg III each > 150 μm long ……………………… L. (L.) fozicus Haitlinger, 2004
Leptus (L.) alberti Haitlinger, 1991 is omitted from the key due to an incomplete description.
Discussion
In the present study we are describing a new species, providing morphological images obtained in DIC observations. With this technique other characteristics can be observed, such as the ornamentation of the prodorsal sclerite, gnathobase and coxae field (in this case punctuated) and the shape of the dorsal and ventral setae of the idiosoma. These characteristics can be corroborating to identify the species, mainly species known only by the holotype, or when partially damaged.
Besides that, the problems with previously published keys to the species of Leptus of South America resulted from the low number of specimens examined and the high reliance on metrical data to separate species. Many species are known only from the holotype which makes species comparisons using metrical data of limited value. In this key we used mostly non-metric characters from published descriptions to differentiate Brazilian Leptus spp. It is our hope that future descriptions of South American species of Leptus will be complete and accurate.
References
Coracini, D. L. A., & Samuels, R. I. (2002). Natural enemies of the chinch bug, Blissus antillus Leonard (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae: Blissinae), pasture pest in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Neotropical Entomology, 31, 165–167.
Coscarón, S., & Papavero, N. (2009). Manual of Neotropical Diptera. Tabanidae. Neotropical Diptera, 6, 1–137.
DiBlasi, E., Morse, S., Mayberry, J. R., Avila, L. J., Morando, M., & Dittmar, K. (2011). New Spiroplasma in parasitic Leptus mites and their Agathemera walking stick hosts from Argentina. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 107, 225–228.
González-Moraga, M. F., Yañez-Mezaa, A., Caresa, R. A., Welbourn, C., & Botto-Mahana, C. (2015). First report of mites of the genus Leptus (Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae) on the endemic kissing bug Mepraia spinolai (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). International Journal of Acarology, 41, 1–2.
Grandjean, F. (1935). Les poils et les organes sensitifs portes par les pattes et le palpe chez les oribates. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, 60, 6–39.
Grandjean, F. (1947). Etude sur les Smarisidae et quelques autres Erythroides (Acariens). Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale, 85, 1–126.
Haitlinger, R. (1987). Leptus stolae sp. n. (Acari, Prostigmata, Erythraeidae) from Stolas nudicollis (Boh,) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae) from Brazil. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 57, 357–359.
Haitlinger, R. (1991). Six new species of Leptus Latreille, 1796 (Acari, Prostigmata, Erythraeidae) from Neotropical Region. Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej we Wrocławiu, Zootechnika, 35, 265–272.
Haitlinger, R. (1999). Six new species of Leptus Latreille, 1796 (Acari, Prostigmata, Erythraeidae) from South-East Asia. Miscellània Zoològica, 22, 51–68.
Haitlinger, R. (2000a). Four new species of Leptus Latreille, 1796 (Acari: Prostigmata: Erythraeidae) from Central America. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 5, 131–142.
Haitlinger, R. (2000b). Four new species of Leptus Latreille, 1796 (Acari: Prostigmata: Erythraeidae) from Peru. Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 17, 149–162.
Haitlinger, R. (2004). Three new species of Leptus Latreille, 1796 and the first record of Leptus onnae Haitlinger, 2000 (Acari: Prostigmata: Erythraeidae) from Brazil. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 9, 147–156.
Haitlinger, R. (2006). Dasitrombium margeritanum sp. n., Leptus tiranicus sp. n. and the first record of L. olafi Haitlinger (Acari: Prostigmata: Neothrombiidae, Erythraeidae) ectoparasitic on Orthoptera and Diptera (Insecta) from Margerita, Venezuela. Polish Journal of Entomology, 75, 347–357.
Haitlinger, R. (2013). First record of Leptus (Leptus) holgeri (Acari: Prostigmata: Erythraeidae) from Vietnam, with redescription of the species. Persian Journal of Acarology, 2, 341–351.
Haitlinger, R., & Šundić, M. (2016). Redescription of Leptus (Leptus) mariani Haitlinger, 1991 and L. (L.) stefani Haitlinger, 1991 (Trombidiformes: Prostigmata: Erythraeidae). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 48, 1197–1206.
Haitlinger, R., Šundić, M., & Pompermaier, V. T. (2017). Two new larval Leptus Latreille (Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae) from Brazil. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 22, 874–884.
ICZN (2012). International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature: Amendment of articles 8, 9, 10, 21 and 78 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to expand and refine methods of publication. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 69, 161–169.
Jacinavicius, F. C., Badari, J. C., Ramirez, D. G., Moraes, R. H. P., Onofrio, V. C., & Barros-Battesti, D. M. (2013). Technique for restoration of mite (Acari) preparations in deteriorated Hoyerʼs medium. Neotropical Entomology, 42, 328–329.
Kethley, J. B. (1990). Acarina: Prostigmata (Actinedida). In: Dindal, D. L. (Ed.), Soil Biology Guide. New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 667–756.
Mąkol, J., & Wohltmann, A. (2012). An annotated checklist of terrestrial Parasitengona (Actinotrichida: Prostigmata) of the world, excluding Trombiculidae and Walchiidae. Annales Zoologici, 62, 359–562.
Martin, S. J., & Correia-Oliveira, M. E. (2016). The occurrence of ectoparasitic Leptus sp. mites on Africanized honey bees. Journal of Apicultural Research, 55, 243–246.
Mayoral, J. G., & Barranco, P. (2011). A new species of larval Charletonia (Parasitengona: Erythraeidae) and new records of larval Erythraeidae parasitizing Orthoptera and Phasmida from Costa Rica. Acarologia, 51, 219–227.
Oudemans, A. C. (1905). Acarologische Aanteekeningen XVIII. Entomologische Berichten, 24, 236–241.
Pereira, A. I. A., Fadini, M. A. M., Pikart, T. G., Zanuncio, J. C., & Serrão, J. E. (2012). New hosts and parasitism notes for the mite Leptus (Acari: Erythraeidae) in fragments of the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 72, 611–616.
Pinto, Z. T., Carriço, C., Caetano, R. L., Barbosa, R. R., Mendonça, P. M., & Queiroz, M. M. C. (2014). First record of Leptus sp. Latreille, 1796 (Acari: Erythraeidae) from Itaipuaçu beach, Maricá, RJ, Brazil. Check List, 10, 954–956.
Robaux, P. (1974). Recherches sur la developpement et la biologie des acariens Thrombidiidae. Mémoires du Muséum National dʼHistoire Naturelle, Série A, Zoologie, 85, 1–186.
Salvatierra, L., & Almeida, M. Q. (2017). First record of a Leptus Latreille mite (Trombidiformes, Erythraeidae) associated with a Neotropical trapdoor spider (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Actinopodidae). Cogent Biology, 3, 1295823.
Southcott, R. V. (1989). A larval mite (Acarina: Erythraeidae) parasitizing the European honey bee in Guatemala. Acarologia, 30, 123–129.
Southcott, R. V. (1992). Revision of the larvae of Leptus Latreille (Acarina- Erythraeidae) of Europe and North America, with descriptions of post-larval instars. Zoological Journal of Linnean Society, 105, 1–153.
Šundić, M., Haitlinger, R., & Pompermaier, V. T. (2017). A new species of larval Leptus Latreille from Brazil (Acari, Prostigmata, Erythraeidae). Spixiana, 40, 89–93.
Teixeira, E. W. (2011). Larvas de Leptus sp. Latreille 1796 (Acarina: Erythraeidae) em abelhas africanizadas A. mellifera Linnaeus 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae), no Brasil. Pesquisa & Tecnologia, 8, 1–4.
Walter, D. E., & Krantz, G. W. (2009). Chapter 7. Collecting, rearing, and preparing specimens. In: Krantz, G. W. & Walter D. E. (Eds). A manual of acarology. Lubbock: Tech University Press, pp. 83–96.
Welbourn, W. C. (1983). Potential use of Trombidioid and Erythraeoid mites as biological control agents of insect pests. In: Hoy, M. A. & Cunningham, G. L. (Eds). Biological Control of Pests by Mites. Berkeley: Agricultural Experimental Station, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, USA, pp. 103–140.
Acknowledgements
We thank Gabrielle Ribeiro de Andrade and Maria Cristina Ferreira do Rosário for technical contribution (CNPq no. 377343/2015-3 and 377342/2015-7, respectively); to Carlos Jared and Luciana Almeida Sato from the Laboratory of Cell Biology, Butantan Institute, for providing access to the inverted microscope with differential interferential contrast.
Funding
This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq no. 454907/2014-1 and 440639/2015-8 to DMB-B, 377976/2014-8 to FCJ), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP no. 2010/51875-9 to DMB-B and 2017/01416-7 to RB-S). This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
All applicable institutional, national and international guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This article was registered in the Official Register of Zoological Nomenclature (ZooBank) as urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: 60252FE5-FC64-4E90-8A7C-5256D97702BE. This article was published as an Online First article on the online publication date shown on this page. The article should be cited by using the doi number. This is the Version of Record.
This article is part of the Topical Collection Arthropoda.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
de Castro Jacinavicius, F., Bassini-Silva, R., Soares, J.F. et al. Description of Leptus (Leptus) haitlingeri n. sp. (Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae), parasitising horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae), and a key to the larvae of Leptus spp. in Brazil. Syst Parasitol 96, 723–734 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-019-09878-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-019-09878-4