Abstract
Cuttings of Populus cathayana Rehd, originating from three triploid and one diploid populations with the same parents but different gamete origins, were used to examine physiological responses to drought stress and rewatering by exposure to three progressive water regimes. Progressive drought stress significantly decreased the leaf relative water content (RWC), photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and increased the relative electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), free proline (Pro), and antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, in the four populations evaluated. However, compared to the diploid population, triploid populations showed lower relative electrolyte leakage and MDA, higher RWC and Pro content, and more efficient photosynthesis and antioxidant systems under the same water regime. Our data indicated that triploid populations possessed more efficient protective mechanisms than that of diploid population with gradually increasing drought stress. Moreover, some triploid genotypes were less tolerant to water stress than that of diploids due to large intrapopulation overlap.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Abbreviations
- C i :
-
intercellular CO2 concentration
- CAT:
-
catalase
- CCI:
-
relative chlorophyll content index
- CK:
-
control
- CV:
-
coefficient of variation
- E :
-
transpiration rate
- F0 :
-
minimal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state
- Fm :
-
maximal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state
- Fv :
-
variable fluorescence
- Fv/F0 :
-
potential photochemical efficiency of PSII
- Fv/Fm :
-
maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry
- FC:
-
field capacity
- FDR:
-
first-division restitution
- g s :
-
stomatal conductance
- MDA:
-
malondialdehyde
- P N :
-
net photosynthetic rate
- PCA:
-
principal component analysis
- PMR:
-
post-meiotic restitution
- POD:
-
peroxidase
- Pro:
-
free proline
- RMP:
-
relative membrane permeability
- ROS:
-
reactive oxygen species
- RSWC:
-
relative soil water content
- RW:
-
rewatering
- RWC:
-
relative water content
- SDR:
-
second-division restitution
- SOD:
-
superoxide dismutase
- TCA:
-
trichloroacetic acid
- triploid-F:
-
the FDR population
- triploid-S:
-
the SDR population
- triploid-P:
-
the PMR population
- WS:
-
water stress treatments
- WS1 :
-
mild water stress
- WS2 :
-
moderate water stress
- WS3 :
-
severe water stress
- WUE:
-
water-use efficiency
- WW:
-
well-watered.
References
Ain-Lhout F., Zunzunegui M., Barradas M.C.D. et al.: Comparison of proline accumulation in two mediterranean shrubs subjected to natural and experimental water deficit. — Plant Soil 230: 175–183, 2001.
Asada K.: The water-water cycle in chloroplasts: scavenging of active oxygens and dissipation of excess photons. — Annu. Rev. Plant Phys. 50: 601–639, 1999.
Bartels D., Sunkar R.: Drought and salt tolerance in plants. — Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 24: 23–58, 2005.
Bates L.S., Waldren R.P., Teare I.D.: Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. — Plant Soil 39: 205–207, 1973.
Bierhuizen J.F., Slatyer R.O.: Effect of atmospheric concentration of water vapor and CO2 in determining transpirationphotosynthesis relationship of cotton leaves. — Agr. Meteorol. 2: 259–270, 1965.
Björkman O., Demmig B.: Photon yield of O2 evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics at 77 K among vascular plants of diverse origins. — Planta 170: 489–504, 1987.
Bota J., Medrano H., Flexas J.: Is photosynthesis limited by decreased Rubisco activity and RuBP content under progressive water stress? — New Phytol. 162: 671–681, 2004.
Boyer J.S.: Measurement of water status of plants. — Annu. Rev. Plant Physio. 20: 351–364, 1969.
Bradford M.M.: A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. — Anal. Biochem. 72: 248–254, 1976.
Bray E.A.: Plant responses to water deficit. — Trends Plant Sci. 2: 48–54, 1997.
Carrillo M.C., Kanai S., Sato Y. et al.: Age-related changes in antioxidant enzyme activities are region and organ, as well as sex, selective in the rat. — Mech. Ageing Dev. 65: 187–198, 1992.
Chaves M.M., Maroco J.P., Pereira J.S.: Understanding plant responses to drought. — from genes to the whole plant. — Funct. Plant Biol. 30: 239–264, 2003.
Cornic G.: Drought stress inhibits photosynthesis by decreasing stomatal aperture-not by affecting ATP synthesis. — Trends Plant Sci. 5: 187–188, 2000.
Dong C.B., Mao J.F., Suo Y.J. et al.: A strategy for characterization of persistence heteroduplex DNA in higher plants. — Plant J. 80: 282–291, 2014.
Giannopolitis C.N., Ries S.K.: Superoxide dismutase I: occurrence in higher plants. — Plant Physiol. 59: 309–314, 1977.
Hare P.D., Cress W.A., Van Staden J.: Dissecting the roles of osmolyte accumulation during stress. — Plant Cell Environ. 21: 535–553, 1998.
Hodges D.M., DeLong J.M., Forney C.F. et al.: Improving the thiobarbituric acidreactive-substances assay for estimating lipid peroxidation in plant tissues containing anthocyanin and other interfering compounds. — Planta 207: 604–611, 1999.
Jiang M., Zhang J.: Water stress induced abscisic acid accumulation triggers the increased generation of reactive oxygen species and upregulates the activities of antioxidant enzymes in maize leaves. — J. Exp. Bot. 53: 2401–2410, 2002.
Jones H.G., Sutherland R.A.: Stomatal control of xylem embolism. — Plant Cell Environ. 14: 607–612, 1991.
Karimi S., Yadollahi A., Arzani K. et al.: Gas-exchange response of almond genotypes to water stress. — Photosynthetica 53: 29–34, 2015.
Koyama L., Kielland K.: Plant physiological responses to hydrologically mediated changes in nitrogen supply on a boreal forest floodplain: a mechanism explaining the discrepancy in nitrogen demand and supply. — Plant Soil 342: 129–139, 2011.
Kong L.A., Xie Y., Sun M.Z. et al.: Comparison of the photosynthetic characteristics in the pericarp and flag leaves during wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) caryopsis development. — Photosynthetica 54: 40–46, 2016.
Lawlor D.W., Cornic G.: Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and associated metabolism in relation to water deficits in higher plants. — Plant Cell Environ. 25: 275–294, 2002.
Lin J., Wang G.: Doubled CO2 could improve the drought tolerance better in sensitive cultivars than in tolerant cultivars in spring wheat. — Plant Sci. 163: 627–637, 2002.
Li W.D., Biswas D.K., Xu H. et al.: Photosynthetic responses to chromosome doubling in relation to leaf anatomy in Lonicera japonica subjected to water stress. — Funct. Plant Biol. 36: 783–792, 2009.
Maherali H., Walden A.E., Husband B.C.: Genome duplication and the evolution of physiological responses to water stress. — New Phytol. 184: 721–731, 2009.
Majumdar S., Ghosh S., Glick B.R. et al.: Activities of chlorophyllase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in the primary leaves of soybean during senescence and drought. — Physiol. Plantarum 81: 473–480, 1991.
Mihailović N., Lazarević M., Dzeletović Z. et al.: Chlorophyllase activity in wheat Triticum aestivum L. leaves during drought and its dependence on the nitrogen ion form applied. — Plant Sci. 129: 141–146, 1997.
Misra N., Gupta A.K.: Effect of salt stress on proline metabolism in two high yielding genotypes of green gram. — Plant Sci. 169: 331–339, 2005.
Monclus R., Dreyer E., Villar M. et al.: Impact of drought on productivity and water use efficiency in 29 genotypes of Populus deltoids × Populus nigra. — New Phytol. 169: 765–777, 2006.
Peng C.H., Ma Z.H., Lei X.D. et al.: A drought-induced pervasive increase in tree mortality across Canada’s boreal forests. — Nat. Clim. Change 1: 467–471, 2011a.
Peng Y.Y., Yan H.H., Guo L.C. et al.: Evaluation and selection on drought resistance of germplasm resources of Avena species with different types of ploidy. — Acta Ecol. Sin. 31: 2478–2491, 2011b.
Reddy A.R., Chaitanya K.V., Jutur P.P. et al.: Differential antioxidative responses to water stress among five mulberry (Morus alba L.) cultivars. — Environ. Exp. Bot. 52: 33–42, 2004.
Rennenberg H., Loreto F., Polle A. et al.: Physiological responses of forest trees to heat and drought. — Plant Biol. 8: 556–571, 2006.
Roháček K.: Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters: the definitions, photosynthetic meaning, and mutual relationships. — Photosynthetica 40: 13–29, 2002.
Sánchez-Rodríguez E., Rubio-Wilhelmi M.M., Cervilla L.M. et al.: Genotypic differences in some physiological parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress under moderate drought in tomato plants. — Plant Sci. 178: 30–40, 2010.
Saneoka H., Moghaieb R.E.A., Premachandra G.S. et al.: Nitrogen nutrition and water stress effects on cell membrane stability and leaf water relations in Agrostis palustris Huds. — Environ. Exp. Bot. 52: 131–138, 2004.
Selote D.S., Khanna-Chopra R.: Antioxidant response of wheat roots to drought acclimation. — Protoplasma 245: 153–163, 2010.
Shao H.B., Liang Z.S., Shao M.A. et al.: Dynamic changes of anti-oxidative enzymes of 10 wheat genotypes at soil water deficits. — Colloid Surface B. 42: 187–195, 2005.
Sugiyama S.: Responses of shoot growth and survival to water stress gradient in diploid and tetraploid populations of Lolium multiflorum and L. perenne. — Grassl. Sci. 52: 155–160, 2006.
Souza R.P., Machado E.C., Silva J.A.B. et al.: Photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and some associated metabolic changes in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) during water stress and recovery. — Environ. Exp. Bot. 51: 45–56, 2004.
Tsugane K., Kobayashi K., Niwa Y. et al.: A recessive Arabidopsis mutant that grows photoautotrophically under salt stress shows enhanced active oxygen detoxification. — Plant Cell 11: 1195–1206, 1999.
Van Laere K., França S.C., Vansteenkiste H. et al.: Influence of ploidy level on morphology, growth and drought susceptibility in Spathiphyllum wallisii. — Acta Physiol. Plant. 33: 1149–1156, 2011.
von Caemmerer S., Farquhar G.D.: Some relationships between the biochemistry of photosynthesis and the gas exchange of leaves. — Planta 153: 376–387, 1981.
Wang J., Kang X.Y., Li D.L. et al.: Induction of diploid eggs with colchicine during embryo sac development in Populus. — Silvae Genet. 59: 40–48, 2010.
Wang J., Li D.L., Kang X.Y.: Induction of unreduced megaspores with high temperature during megasporogenesis in Populus. — Ann. For. Sci. 69: 59–67, 2012.
Xiao X., Xu X., Yang F.: Adaptive responses to progressive drought stress in two Populus cathayana populations. — Silva Fenn. 42: 705–719, 2008.
Xiao X., Yang F., Zhang S. et al.: Physiological and proteomic responses of two contrasting Populus cathayana populations to drought stress. — Physiol. Plantarum 136: 150–168, 2009.
Xiong Y.C., Li F.M., Zhang T.: Performance of wheat crops with different chromosome ploidy: root-sourced signals, drought tolerance, and yield performance. — Planta 224: 710–718, 2006.
Xu S., Li J., Zhang X. et al.: Effects of heat acclimation pretreatment on changes of membrane lipid peroxidation, antioxidant metabolites, and ultrastructure of chloroplasts in two cool-season turfgrass species under heat stress. — Environ. Exp. Bot. 56: 274–285, 2006.
Yin C., Duan B., Wang X. et al.: Morphological and physiological responses of two contrasting Populus species to water stress and exogenous abscisic acid application. — Plant Sci. 167: 1091–1097, 2004.
Yin C., Pang X., Lei Y.: Populus from high altitude has more efficient protective mechanisms under water stress than from low-altitude habitats: a study in greenhouse for cuttings. — Physiol. Plantarum 137: 22–35, 2009.
Yin C., Peng Y., Zang R. et al.: Adaptive responses of Populus kangdingensis to drought stress. — Physiol. Plantarum 123: 445–451, 2005.
Zhang X., Zang R., Li C.: Population differences in physiological and morphological adaptations of Populus davidiana seedlings in response to progressive drought stress. — Plant Sci. 166: 791–797, 2004.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank the staff of nursery in Guan Xian County, Shandong Province, China for their providing of experimental fields. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31530012) and Special Fund for Beijing Common Construction Project (2016GJ-03).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liao, T., Wang, Y., Xu, C.P. et al. Adaptive photosynthetic and physiological responses to drought and rewatering in triploid Populus populations. Photosynthetica 56, 578–590 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-017-0704-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-017-0704-5