Abstract
We tested the capability of plants to utilize protein as the exclusive source of nitrogen. The aim of this study was to find out how such a nutrition affected plantlet growth, photosynthetic performance, and N assimilation metabolism in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv. Petit Havana SR1) grown in vitro. Plantlets grown in a casein-supplemented (CA) medium were compared to plantlets grown in a complete Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium, plantlets grown in an ammonium-deficient medium (N1), or plantlets grown in a nitrate-reduced medium (N2). In addition, the plantlets were grown in the presence or absence of 1.5 % (m/v) saccharose as an additional carbon source. Casein, similarly as inorganic N limitation, reduced generally plantlet growth, whereas no significant effects were observed on photosynthetic parameters evaluated by chlorophyll a fluorescence. Although addition of saccharose stimulated the plantlet growth particularly in the MS, it showed a rather negative influence both on the growth and on the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in the plantlets grown in the CA and N1. The activities of enzymes involved in N assimilation, such as nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS), were lower in the plantlets grown in the CA, N1, and N2, both in leaves and in roots. On the other hand, glutamate synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase were employed by the plantlets grown in the CA. The presence of saccharose in the growth medium stimulated mainly NR and GS activities in the MS grown plantlets, whereas enzyme activities of the plantlets grown on the N1, N2, and CA were not significantly influenced. We proved that the tobacco plantlets can utilize casein as the sole source of N particularly during their photoautotrophic cultivation. Contrary to positive effects of photomixotrophic nutrition for the MS grown plantlets, exogenous sugar seemed to diminish the ability of the casein-supplemented plantlets to utilize efficiently the additional C source.
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Change history
24 May 2023
An erratum to this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.32615/bp.2023.023.
Abbreviations
- CA:
-
casein supplemented medium
- Chl:
-
chlorophyll
- Fv/Fm :
-
maximal efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry
- FM:
-
fresh mass
- GDH:
-
glutamate dehydrogenase
- GOGAT:
-
glutamine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (glutamate synthase)
- GS:
-
glutamine synthetase
- MS:
-
complete Murashige-Skoog medium
- N1:
-
ammonium deficient medium
- N2:
-
nitrate reduced medium
- NR:
-
nitrate reductase
- PS:
-
photosystem
- qN :
-
nonphotochemical quenching coefficient
- qP :
-
photochemical quenching coefficient
- 1 - gP :
-
the number of closed PS II centres
- S:
-
sucrose
- S/R:
-
shoot/root ratio
- ΦPSII :
-
actual efficiency of photosystem II
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Acknowledgments: This work was supported by a grant from Charles University in Prague (project UNCE 204025/2012). We thank to Lenka Kolčabová for her excellent technical assistance.
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Synková, H., Hýsková, V., Garčeková, K. et al. Protein as a sole source of nitrogen for in vitro grown tobacco plantlets. Biol Plant 60, 635–644 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-016-0639-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-016-0639-x