Abstract
Autophagy has been implicated as a cellular protein degradation process that is used to recycle cytoplasmic components under biotic and abiotic stresses and so restrict programmed cell death (PCD). In this study, we report a novel regulatory mechanism by which NADPH oxidase respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RBOHD) regulated pathogen-induced autophagy and hypersensitive (HR) cell death. We found that the Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato bacteria DC3000 expressing avrRps4 (Pst-avrRps4) induction of RBOHD-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production promoted the onset of autophagy, whereas a pretreatment with an NADPH oxidase RBOHD inhibitor reversed this trend. The inhibitor significantly blocked pathogen-induced autophagosome formation and ROS increase. Moreover, we also show that in the wild-type and atrbohF mutant, Pst-avrRps4-induced cell death was limited, whereas in the case of the atrbohD mutant, the infection triggered a spreading-type necrosis. Our results demonstrate that the RBOHD-dependent ROS accumulation stimulated autophagosome formation and limited HR cell death.
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Abbreviations
- ATG :
-
autophagy-related genes
- BTH:
-
benzothiadiazole
- DAB:
-
3,3′-diaminobenzidine
- DCF:
-
2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate
- DPI:
-
diphenylene iodinium
- HR:
-
hypersensitive response
- PCD:
-
programmed cell death
- PR genes:
-
pathogen-related genes
- RBOHD:
-
respiratory burst oxidase homolog D
- RPS4:
-
resistance to Pseudomonas syringae 4
- SA:
-
salicylic acid
- WT:
-
wild type
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Acknowledgments: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31170250) and Natural science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2014A030313420). We are grateful to Richard D. Vierstra (the Department of Genetics, the University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA) for kindly providing the Arabidopsis thaliana seeds stably expressing 35S:GFP-ATG8a.
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Liu, H.B., Wang, X.D., Zhang, Y.Y. et al. NADPH oxidase RBOHD contributes to autophagy and hypersensitive cell death during the plant defense response in Arabidopsis thaliana . Biol Plant 59, 570–580 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-015-0519-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-015-0519-9