Abstract
Quinoa is an Andean seed crop of a high nutritional value, recently introduced to Morocco. Quinoa can resist to drought and high salinity, which is important for developing countries in arid regions especially in Africa. This study focuses on the nutritional characteristics of fresh and cooked Moroccan quinoa (proteins, fibres, minerals, fatty acids and phenolic) and the antioxidant properties of its polar and nonpolar extracts, using three different systems (DPPH, ß-carotene bleaching, and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP)). The proximate analysis has shown that quinoa is a good source of proteins (12.51–14.50%), fibres (NDF, ADF, ADL and cellulose) and carbohydrates. Moreover, fatty acids composition of quinoa oil demonstrated that quinoa is high in omega 3. Furthermore, mineral analysis by ICP-AES demonstrated that quinoa seeds are rich in potassium, magnesium and other minerals with many health benefits. It was observed that phenolic compounds were more soluble in weak polar solvent than in polar and nonpolar organic solvents. Accordingly the antioxidant activity is correlated to the phenolic content of the extracts.
Résumé
La quinoa, récemment introduite au Maroc, est une culture de semence andine, avec une haute valeur nutritionnelle. Sa résistante à la sécheresse et à la salinité élevée, lui donne le privilège de constituer une solution pratique pour les alarmes de faim surtout dans les pays d’Afrique. Cette étude se concentre sur les caractéristiques nutritionnelles de la quinoa Marocaine fraiche et cuite (protéines, fibres, minéraux, acides gras et phénolique) et les propriétés antioxydantes de ses extraits polaires et apolaires, en utilisant trois différents systèmes (DPPH, blanchiment du ß-carotène, et le pouvoir réducteur du fer). L’analyse a montré que la quinoa est une source riche en protéines (12.51–14.50%), en fibres (NDF, ADF, ADL et cellulose) et en sucres. De plus l’analyse des huiles de quinoa a montré que ces grains ont une teneur intéressante d’omega 3. En outre, les taux de minéraux analysés par ICP-AES ont démontré que les graines de quinoa sont riches en potassium, magnésium et autres minéraux. On a observé que les composés phénoliques sont plus solubles dans les solvants faiblement polaires que dans les solvants organiques polaires et apolaires. En conséquence, l’activité anti-oxydante est corrélée à la teneur en composés phénoliques des extraits.
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Marmouzi, I., El Madani, N., Charrouf, Z. et al. Proximate analysis, fatty acids and mineral composition of processed Moroccan Chenopodium quinoa Willd. and antioxidant properties according to the polarity. Phytothérapie 13, 110–117 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-015-0931-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-015-0931-5