Abstract
An observational study focusing on the contribution of tropical cyclones (TCs) that form over the western North Pacific (WNP) to the synoptic-scale transient eddy activity (STEA) over the North Pacific during the boreal autumn and early winter in the period 1979–2019 is presented in this paper. Statistical results show that WNP TCs entering the mid-latitudinal North Pacific provide significant positive effects on the pentad mean strength of STEA, which is primarily concentrated over the Kuroshio/Oyashio Extensions (KOE) and regions from east of Japan to 160°W in the lower and mid-to-upper troposphere, respectively. TC intensity is highly indicative of the subsequent STEA with a correlation coefficient of 0.37/0.33/0.45 at 300 hPa/500 hPa/850 hPa exceeding the 99% confidence level for the period 1979–2019. The strength of STEA in the upper troposphere associated with TCs presents a more significant linear growth with TC intensity than that at the mid-to-lower levels after the cyclones enter the KOE region, suggesting that the impact of TCs on STEA gradually increases with height. Further analyses reveal that the contribution of TCs accounts for 4%–6% of the total STEA change over the KOE region during the late autumn and early winter. In addition, the influence of TCs on STEA experienced an interdecadal decrease from the early 2000s through the early 2010s.
摘 要
本文研究了1979-2019年秋末冬初(10月-12月)黑潮-亲潮延伸体海域上空天气尺度瞬变涡旋活动(STEA)对西太平洋热带气旋(TC)强度的响应特征, 并从气候学视角分析了TC对STEA变化的贡献。研究发现, 西太平洋TC强度对STEA具有显著影响, 在300 hPa/500 hPa/850 hPa层次上, 进入中纬度北太平洋的TC强度与该海域STEA的相关系数为0.37/0.33/0.45, 均通过99%信度检验; 当气旋进入中纬度北太平洋海域后, 对流层高层STEA的增强程度大于对流层中低层, 这表明TC强度对STEA的影响随高度加强。从气候平均看, TC对STEA变化的贡献占秋末初冬STEA总变化的4-6%; 此外, TC对STEA的影响也存在年代际等长时间尺度的变化特征。
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Acknowledgements
All authors contributed equally to this study and share first authorship. This work is sponsored jointly by the National Key Basic Research Program (2018YFC1505905), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41975090, 41922033, 41675077, and 42005025), Scientific Research Program of National University of Defense Technology (18/19-QNCXJ), the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change in Nanjing University, and the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters.
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Article Highlights
• Tropical cyclone intensity is highly indicative of subsequent synoptic-scale transient eddy activity for the period 1979–2019.
• Tropical cyclones’ impact on the strength of synoptic-scale transient eddy activity gradually increases with height.
• The contribution of tropical cyclones to synoptic-scale transient eddy accounts for 4%–6% of its total change from October to December.
This paper is a contribution to the special issue on Climate Change and Variability of Tropical Cyclone Activity.
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Ha, Y., Zhong, Z., Zhao, H. et al. A Climatological Perspective on Extratropical Synoptic-Scale Transient Eddy Activity Response to Western Pacific Tropical Cyclones. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 39, 333–343 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-021-0375-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-021-0375-9
Key words
- Synoptic-scale transient eddy activity
- tropical cyclone
- North Pacific
- Kuroshio/Oyashio Extensions
- mid-latitudinal atmospheric motion