Abstract
To investigate the potential effects of aerosols on the microphysical properties of warm clouds, airborne observational data collected from 2009 to 2011 in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China, were statistically analyzed in this study. The results demonstrated that the vertical distribution of the aerosol number concentration (N a) was similar to that of the clean rural continent. The average aerosol effective diameter (D e) was maintained at approximately 0.4 μm at all levels. The data obtained during cloud penetrations showed that there was a progressive increase in the cloud droplet concentration (N c) and liquid water content (LWC) from outside to inside the clouds, while the N a was negatively related to the N c and LWC at the same height. The fluctuation of the N a, N c and LWC during cloud penetration was more obvious under polluted conditions (Type 1) than under clean conditions (Type 2). Moreover, the wet scavenging of cloud droplets had a significant impact on the accumulation mode of aerosols, especially on particles with diameters less than 0.4 μm. The minimum wet scavenging coefficient within the cloud was close to 0.02 under Type 1 conditions, while it increased to 0.1 under Type 2 conditions, which proved that the cloud wet scavenging effect under Type 1 conditions was stronger than that under Type 2 conditions. Additionally, cloud droplet spectra under Type 1 conditions were narrower, and their horizontal distributions were more homogeneous than those under Type 2 conditions.
摘要
本文对2009–2011年内蒙通辽地区41架次飞行探测结果进行了统计, 研究气溶胶和暖云的相互作用. 结果表明, 该地区气溶胶数浓度 (N a)垂直分布特征与清洁大气的情况较为接近. 气溶胶平均有效直径(D e)基本维持0.4 µm附近. 在飞机水平穿云过程中, 两种天气形势下N a 均表现出从云外到云内递减, N c和LWC表现为递增, 污染情况比清洁情况变化明显. 云对气溶胶的湿清除作用主要集中在积聚模态, 尤其是小于0.4μm粒子段. 污染情况下, 云内最小气溶胶湿清除系数(F)近0.02, 而清洁情况下最小F接近0.1, 说明污染情况比清洁情况下云对气溶胶的清除作用要强. 与清洁情况下对比, 污染情况下形成的云滴谱型较窄, 云滴谱的水平分布也较为均一, 云侧边界的夹卷作用对云滴谱的影响较小.
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Acknowledgements
This study was jointly supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA05100304) and the Chinese Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 41005073). The authors express thanks to the aircraft observations team of the China Fly Dragon Special Aviation Company, and the Weather Modification Office at Tongliao Meteorology Bureau.
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Lü, Y., Lei, H. & Yang, J. Aircraft measurements of cloud–aerosol interaction over East Inner Mongolia. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 34, 983–992 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-017-6242-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-017-6242-z