Abstract
Simulations of flow inside a laboratory model of the left ventricle are validated against experiments. The simulations employ an immersed boundary-based method for flowmodeling, and the computationalmodel of the expanding–contracting ventricle is constructed via image-segmentation. A quantitative comparison of the phase-averaged velocity and vorticity fields between the simulation and the experiment shows a reasonable agreement, given the inherent uncertainties in the modeling procedure. Simulations also exhibit a good agreement in terms of time-varying net circulation, as well as clinically important metrics such as flow-wave propagation velocity and its ratio with peak early-wave flow velocity. The detailed and critical assessment of this comparison is used to identify and discuss the key challenges that are faced in such a validation study.
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Abbreviations
- ΔV :
-
Change in ventricular volume (ml)
- T c :
-
Cardiac cycle time (s)
- t*:
-
Non-dimensional time
- Q :
-
Flow-rate prescribed to the simulation
- Re LV :
-
Reynolds number
- Wo LV :
-
Womersley number
- F E :
-
Vortex formation number (E-wave)
- EF:
-
Ejection fraction
- D LV :
-
Diameter of the base of the ventricle
- U m :
-
Peak area-averaged velocity through the mitral annulus
- A m :
-
Area of mitral orifice
- D m :
-
Diameter of mitral orifice
- ρ :
-
Density of working fluid
- μ :
-
Dynamic viscosity of working fluid
- p :
-
Pressure field
- u :
-
Velocity field
- ω :
-
Vorticity, defined as the curl of the velocity field
- Γ :
-
Circulation, defined as the area integral of the vorticity field
- CMM:
-
Color M-mode
- V E :
-
Peak E-wave velocity measured at mitral annulus
- V p :
-
Mitral flow-wave propagation velocity
- ω p :
-
Vortex propagation velocity
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Communicated by Jeff D. Eldredge.
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Vedula, V., Fortini, S., Seo, JH. et al. Computational modeling and validation of intraventricular flow in a simple model of the left ventricle. Theor. Comput. Fluid Dyn. 28, 589–604 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00162-014-0335-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00162-014-0335-4