Abstract
We study second-order hydrodynamic transport in strongly coupled non-conformal field theories with holographic gravity duals in asymptotically anti-de Sitter space. We first derive new Kubo formulae for five second-order transport coefficients in non-conformal fluids in (3 + 1) dimensions. We then apply them to holographic RG flows induced by scalar operators of dimension Δ = 3. For general background solutions of the dual bulk geometry, we find explicit expressions for the five transport coefficients at infinite coupling and show that a specific combination, \( \tilde{H}=2\eta {\tau}_{\pi }-2\left(\kappa -{\kappa}^{\ast}\right)-{\lambda}_2 \), always vanishes. We prove analytically that the Haack-Yarom identity H = 2ητ π − 4λ1 − λ2 = 0, which is known to be true for conformal holographic fluids at infinite coupling, also holds when taking into account leading non-conformal corrections. The numerical results we obtain for two specific families of RG flows suggest that H vanishes regardless of conformal symmetry. Our work provides further evidence that the Haack-Yarom identity H = 0 may be universally satisfied by strongly coupled fluids.
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Kleinert, P., Probst, J. Second-order hydrodynamics and universality in non-conformal holographic fluids. J. High Energ. Phys. 2016, 91 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2016)091
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2016)091