Abstract
We study what happens to the N , Δ and Ω baryons in the hadronic gas and the quark-gluon plasma, with particular interest in parity doubling and its emergence as the plasma is heated. This is done using simulations of lattice QCD, employing the FASTSUM anisotropic N f = 2 + 1 ensembles, with four temperatures below and four above the deconfinement transition temperature. Below T c we find that the positive-parity groundstate masses are largely temperature independent, whereas the negative-parity ones are reduced considerably as the temperature increases. This may be of interest for heavy-ion phenomenology. Close to the transition, the masses are nearly degenerate, in line with the expectation from chiral symmetry restoration. Above T c we find a clear signal of parity doubling in all three channels, with the effect of the heavier s quark visible.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
P. Braun-Munzinger, V. Koch, T. Schäfer and J. Stachel, Properties of hot and dense matter from relativistic heavy ion collisions, Phys. Rept. 621 (2016) 76 [arXiv:1510.00442] [INSPIRE].
N. Armesto and E. Scomparin, Heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider: a review of the results from Run 1, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 131 (2016) 52 [arXiv:1511.02151] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Observation of sequential Y suppression in PbPb collisions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 (2012) 222301 [arXiv:1208.2826] [INSPIRE].
ALICE collaboration, Suppression of Y(1S) at forward rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at \( \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76 \) TeV, Phys. Lett. B 738 (2014) 361 [arXiv:1405.4493] [INSPIRE].
PHENIX collaboration, A. Adare et al., Measurement of Y(1S + 2S + 3S) production in p+p and Au+Au collisions at \( \sqrt{s_{N\;N}}=200 \) GeV, Phys. Rev. C 91 (2015) 024913 [arXiv:1404.2246] [INSPIRE].
A. Andronic et al., Heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in the LHC era: from proton-proton to heavy-ion collisions, Eur. Phys. J. C 76 (2016) 107 [arXiv:1506.03981] [INSPIRE].
G. Aarts et al., Heavy-flavor production and medium properties in high-energy nuclear collisions — What next?, Eur. Phys. J. A 53 (2017) 93 [arXiv:1612.08032] [INSPIRE].
R. Rapp and J. Wambach, Chiral symmetry restoration and dileptons in relativistic heavy ion collisions, Adv. Nucl. Phys. 25 (2000) 1 [hep-ph/9909229] [INSPIRE].
M. Cheng et al., Meson screening masses from lattice QCD with two light and the strange quark, Eur. Phys. J. C 71 (2011) 1564 [arXiv:1010.1216] [INSPIRE].
B.B. Brandt, A. Francis, M. Laine and H.B. Meyer, A relation between screening masses and real-time rates, JHEP 05 (2014) 117 [arXiv:1404.2404] [INSPIRE].
B.B. Brandt, A. Francis, H.B. Meyer and D. Robaina, Chiral dynamics in the low-temperature phase of QCD, Phys. Rev. D 90 (2014) 054509 [arXiv:1406.5602] [INSPIRE].
B.B. Brandt, A. Francis, H.B. Meyer and D. Robaina, Pion quasiparticle in the low-temperature phase of QCD, Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 094510 [arXiv:1506.05732] [INSPIRE].
G. Aarts, C. Allton, J. Foley, S. Hands and S. Kim, Spectral functions at small energies and the electrical conductivity in hot, quenched lattice QCD, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 (2007) 022002 [hep-lat/0703008] [INSPIRE].
H.T. Ding, A. Francis, O. Kaczmarek, F. Karsch, E. Laermann and W. Soeldner, Thermal dilepton rate and electrical conductivity: an analysis of vector current correlation functions in quenched lattice QCD, Phys. Rev. D 83 (2011) 034504 [arXiv:1012.4963] [INSPIRE].
A. Amato, G. Aarts, C. Allton, P. Giudice, S. Hands and J.-I. Skullerud, Electrical conductivity of the quark-gluon plasma across the deconfinement transition, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 (2013) 172001 [arXiv:1307.6763] [INSPIRE].
G. Aarts, C. Allton, A. Amato, P. Giudice, S. Hands and J.-I. Skullerud, Electrical conductivity and charge diffusion in thermal QCD from the lattice, JHEP 02 (2015) 186 [arXiv:1412.6411] [INSPIRE].
B.B. Brandt, A. Francis, B. Jäger and H.B. Meyer, Charge transport and vector meson dissociation across the thermal phase transition in lattice QCD with two light quark flavors, Phys. Rev. D 93 (2016) 054510 [arXiv:1512.07249] [INSPIRE].
H.-T. Ding, O. Kaczmarek and F. Meyer, Thermal dilepton rates and electrical conductivity of the QGP from the lattice, Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 034504 [arXiv:1604.06712] [INSPIRE].
T. Umeda, K. Nomura and H. Matsufuru, Charmonium at finite temperature in quenched lattice QCD, Eur. Phys. J. C 39S1 (2005) 9 [hep-lat/0211003] [INSPIRE].
M. Asakawa and T. Hatsuda, J/ψ and η c in the deconfined plasma from lattice QCD, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (2004) 012001 [hep-lat/0308034] [INSPIRE].
S. Datta, F. Karsch, P. Petreczky and I. Wetzorke, Behavior of charmonium systems after deconfinement, Phys. Rev. D 69 (2004) 094507 [hep-lat/0312037] [INSPIRE].
G. Aarts, C. Allton, M.B. Oktay, M. Peardon and J.-I. Skullerud, Charmonium at high temperature in two-flavor QCD, Phys. Rev. D 76 (2007) 094513 [arXiv:0705.2198] [INSPIRE].
WHOT-QCD collaboration, H. Ohno et al., Charmonium spectral functions with the variational method in zero and finite temperature lattice QCD, Phys. Rev. D 84 (2011) 094504 [arXiv:1104.3384] [INSPIRE].
S. Borsányi et al., Charmonium spectral functions from 2 + 1 flavour lattice QCD, JHEP 04 (2014) 132 [arXiv:1401.5940] [INSPIRE].
G. Aarts et al., What happens to the Y and η b in the quark-gluon plasma? Bottomonium spectral functions from lattice QCD, JHEP 11 (2011) 103 [arXiv:1109.4496] [INSPIRE].
G. Aarts, C. Allton, S. Kim, M.P. Lombardo, S.M. Ryan and J.I. Skullerud, Melting of P wave bottomonium states in the quark-gluon plasma from lattice NRQCD, JHEP 12 (2013) 064 [arXiv:1310.5467] [INSPIRE].
G. Aarts et al., The bottomonium spectrum at finite temperature from N f = 2 + 1 lattice QCD, JHEP 07 (2014) 097 [arXiv:1402.6210] [INSPIRE].
S. Kim, P. Petreczky and A. Rothkopf, Lattice NRQCD study of S- and P-wave bottomonium states in a thermal medium with N f = 2 + 1 light flavors, Phys. Rev. D 91 (2015) 054511 [arXiv:1409.3630] [INSPIRE].
C.E. Detar and J.B. Kogut, Measuring the hadronic spectrum of the quark plasma, Phys. Rev. D 36 (1987) 2828 [INSPIRE].
C.E. Detar and J.B. Kogut, The hadronic spectrum of the quark plasma, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59 (1987) 399 [INSPIRE].
QCD-TARO collaboration, I. Pushkina et al., Properties of hadron screening masses at finite baryonic density, Phys. Lett. B 609 (2005) 265 [hep-lat/0410017] [INSPIRE].
S. Datta, S. Gupta, M. Padmanath, J. Maiti and N. Mathur, Nucleons near the QCD deconfinement transition, JHEP 02 (2013) 145 [arXiv:1212.2927] [INSPIRE].
G. Aarts, C. Allton, S. Hands, B. Jäger, C. Praki and J.-I. Skullerud, Nucleons and parity doubling across the deconfinement transition, Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 014503 [arXiv:1502.03603] [INSPIRE].
C. Allton et al., Probing parity doubling in nucleons at high temperature, PoS(LATTICE 2015)183 [arXiv:1510.04040] [INSPIRE].
G. Aarts et al., Parity doubling of nucleons, Δ and Ω baryons across the deconfinement phase transition, EPJ Web Conf. 137 (2017) 07004 [arXiv:1611.02009] [INSPIRE].
G. Aarts et al., Parity doubling of nucleons and Delta baryons across the deconfinement phase transition, PoS(LATTICE 2016)037 [arXiv:1610.07439] [INSPIRE].
M.L. Bellac, Thermal field theory, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge U.K. (2011).
C. Gattringer and C.B. Lang, Quantum chromodynamics on the lattice, Lect. Notes Phys. 788 (2010) 1.
D.B. Leinweber, W. Melnitchouk, D.G. Richards, A.G. Williams and J.M. Zanotti, Baryon spectroscopy in lattice QCD, Lect. Notes Phys. 663 (2005) 71 [nucl-th/0406032] [INSPIRE].
SciDAC, LHPC, UKQCD collaboration, R.G. Edwards and B. Joo, The Chroma software system for lattice QCD, Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 140 (2005) 832 [hep-lat/0409003] [INSPIRE].
G. Aarts and J.M. Martinez Resco, Transport coefficients, spectral functions and the lattice, JHEP 04 (2002) 053 [hep-ph/0203177] [INSPIRE].
C. Praki and G. Aarts, Calculation of free baryon spectral densities at finite temperature, PoS(LATTICE 2015)182 [arXiv:1510.04069] [INSPIRE].
C. Praki et al., in preparation.
F. Karsch, E. Laermann, P. Petreczky and S. Stickan, Infinite temperature limit of meson spectral functions calculated on the lattice, Phys. Rev. D 68 (2003) 014504 [hep-lat/0303017] [INSPIRE].
G. Aarts and J.M. Martinez Resco, Continuum and lattice meson spectral functions at nonzero momentum and high temperature, Nucl. Phys. B 726 (2005) 93 [hep-lat/0507004] [INSPIRE].
F. Karsch and M. Kitazawa, Quark propagator at finite temperature and finite momentum in quenched lattice QCD, Phys. Rev. D 80 (2009) 056001 [arXiv:0906.3941] [INSPIRE].
R.G. Edwards, B. Joo and H.-W. Lin, Tuning for three-flavors of anisotropic clover fermions with stout-link smearing, Phys. Rev. D 78 (2008) 054501 [arXiv:0803.3960] [INSPIRE].
Hadron Spectrum collaboration, H.-W. Lin et al., First results from 2 + 1 dynamical quark flavors on an anisotropic lattice: light-hadron spectroscopy and setting the strange-quark mass, Phys. Rev. D 79 (2009) 034502 [arXiv:0810.3588] [INSPIRE].
C. McClendon, Optimized lattice QCD kernels for a Pentium 4 cluster (2003).
S. Gusken, U. Low, K.H. Mutter, R. Sommer, A. Patel and K. Schilling, Nonsinglet axial vector couplings of the baryon octet in lattice QCD, Phys. Lett. B 227 (1989) 266 [INSPIRE].
APE collaboration, M. Albanese et al., Glueball masses and string tension in lattice QCD, Phys. Lett. B 192 (1987) 163 [INSPIRE].
Particle Data Group collaboration, W.M. Yao et al., Review of particle physics, J. Phys. G 33 (2006) 1 [INSPIRE].
S. Dürr et al., Ab-initio determination of light hadron masses, Science 322 (2008) 1224 [arXiv:0906.3599] [INSPIRE].
Particle Data Group collaboration, K.A. Olive et al., Review of particle physics, Chin. Phys. C 38 (2014) 090001 [INSPIRE].
Hadron Spectrum collaboration, R.G. Edwards et al., Flavor structure of the excited baryon spectra from lattice QCD, Phys. Rev. D 87 (2013) 054506 [arXiv:1212.5236] [INSPIRE].
M. Asakawa, T. Hatsuda and Y. Nakahara, Maximum entropy analysis of the spectral functions in lattice QCD, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 46 (2001) 459 [hep-lat/0011040] [INSPIRE].
R. Bryan, Maximum entropy analysis of oversampled data problems, Eur. Biophys. J. 18 (1990) 165.
C.E. Detar and T. Kunihiro, Linear σ model with parity doubling, Phys. Rev. D 39 (1989) 2805 [INSPIRE].
Y. Nemoto, D. Jido, M. Oka and A. Hosaka, Decays of 1/2-baryons in chiral effective theory, Phys. Rev. D 57 (1998) 4124 [hep-ph/9710445] [INSPIRE].
D. Jido, Y. Nemoto, M. Oka and A. Hosaka, Chiral symmetry for positive and negative parity nucleons, Nucl. Phys. A 671 (2000) 471 [hep-ph/9805306] [INSPIRE].
D. Zschiesche, L. Tolos, J. Schaffner-Bielich and R.D. Pisarski, Cold, dense nuclear matter in a SU(2) parity doublet model, Phys. Rev. C 75 (2007) 055202 [nucl-th/0608044] [INSPIRE].
J. Steinheimer, S. Schramm and H. Stocker, The hadronic SU(3) parity doublet model for dense matter, its extension to quarks and the strange equation of state, Phys. Rev. C 84 (2011) 045208 [arXiv:1108.2596] [INSPIRE].
S. Benic, I. Mishustin and C. Sasaki, Effective model for the QCD phase transitions at finite baryon density, Phys. Rev. D 91 (2015) 125034 [arXiv:1502.05969] [INSPIRE].
Y. Motohiro, Y. Kim and M. Harada, Asymmetric nuclear matter in a parity doublet model with hidden local symmetry, Phys. Rev. C 92 (2015) 025201 [arXiv:1505.00988] [INSPIRE].
H. Nishihara and M. Harada, Extended Goldberger-Treiman relation in a three-flavor parity doublet model, Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 054022 [arXiv:1506.07956] [INSPIRE].
P.M. Hohler and R. Rapp, Massive Yang-Mills for vector and axial-vector spectral functions at finite temperature, Annals Phys. 368 (2016) 70 [arXiv:1510.00454] [INSPIRE].
T. Harris, H.B. Meyer and D. Robaina, A variational method for spectral functions, PoS(LATTICE 2016)339 [arXiv:1611.02499] [INSPIRE].
J. Stachel, A. Andronic, P. Braun-Munzinger and K. Redlich, Confronting LHC data with the statistical hadronization model, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 509 (2014) 012019 [arXiv:1311.4662] [INSPIRE].
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
ArXiv ePrint: 1703.09246
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
About this article
Cite this article
Aarts, G., Allton, C., De Boni, D. et al. Light baryons below and above the deconfinement transition: medium effects and parity doubling. J. High Energ. Phys. 2017, 34 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2017)034
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2017)034