Abstract
In dark-matter annihilation channels to hadronic final states, stable particles — such as positrons, photons, antiprotons, and antineutrinos — are produced via complex sequences of phenomena including QED/QCD radiation, hadronisation, and hadron decays. These processes are normally modelled by Monte Carlo (MC) event generators whose limited accuracy imply intrinsic QCD uncertainties on the predictions for indirect-detection experiments like Fermi-LAT, Pamela, IceCube or Ams–02. In this article, we perform a comprehensive analysis of QCD uncertainties, meaning both perturbative and nonperturbative sources of uncertainty are included — estimated via variations of MC renormalization-scale and fragmentation-function parameters, respectively — in antimatter spectra from dark-matter annihilation, based on parametric variations of the Pythia 8 event generator. After performing several retunings of light-quark fragmentation functions, we define a set of variations that span a conservative estimate of the QCD uncertainties. We estimate the effects on antimatter spectra for various annihilation channels and final-state particle species, and discuss their impact on fitted values for the dark-matter mass and thermally-averaged annihilation cross section. We find dramatic impacts which can go up to \( \mathcal{O} \)(40) GeV for uncertainties on the dark-matter mass and up to \( \mathcal{O} \)(10%) for the annihilation cross section. We provide the spectra in tabulated form including QCD uncertainties and code snippets to perform fast dark-matter fits, in this github repository.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Sascha Caron for his collaboration at early stages of this work. The work of AJ is supported by the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) under the project code, IBS-R018-D1. JK is supported by the NWO Physics Vrij Programme “The Hidden Universe of Weakly Interacting Particles” with project number 680.92.18.03 (NWO Vrije Programma), which is (partly) financed by the Dutch Research Council (NWO). R. RdA acknowledges the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2020-113644GB-I00). PS is funded by the Australian Research Council via Discovery Projects DP170100708 “Emergent Phenomena in Quantum Chromodynamics” and DP230103014 “Beautiful Strings”, and by the Royal Society Wolfson Visiting Fellowship “Piercing the precision barrier in high-energy particle physics”. This work was also supported in part by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 722105 — MCnetITN3.
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Jueid, A., Kip, J., Ruiz de Austri, R. et al. The Strong Force meets the Dark Sector: a robust estimate of QCD uncertainties for anti-matter dark matter searches. J. High Energ. Phys. 2024, 119 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2024)119
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2024)119