Abstract
We investigated the effects of simulated prospective increased temperatures and reduced soil moisture during the vegetation period on the early growth of three weed species that co-occur in spring crops and are currently spreading in Europe. Potted four-species crop-weed-communities of Abutilon theophrasti, Datura stramonium, Iva xanthiifolia, and maize were exposed to warming (ambient temperature + 2.5°C, treatment “warm”) and drought (soil water potential of -0.1 to -1.5 MPa, “dry”) versus ambient temperature (treatment “ambient”) and a soil water potential of −0.0036 MPa (“moist”), in four soil types (clay, loess, peat, sand based mixtures) in greenhouse settings. We determined the performance of the weeds in terms of total biomass accumulation as well as their morphological acclimation regarding root length, leaf size and root-to-shoot ratio at various combinations of the experimental factors. Warm-dry conditions had a significant negative effect on total weed biomass and also resulted in a higher proportion of maize in total aboveground biomass. In D. stramonium, aboveground vs. belowground allocation and leaf size responded more strongly to the experimental factors than in the other two species. Total biomass values of individual plants in warm-dry conditions on average were > 50%, 40 to 55%, and < 40% of those in ambient-moist conditions for A. theophrasti, I. xanthiifolia, and D. stramonium, respectively. Soil and its interaction with moisture and temperature additionally had a significant effect on various traits of the weed species which highlights the importance of considering this factor when investigating plant responses to altered climate conditions.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
BIOLFLOR, 2013. BIOLFLOR - search and information system on vascular plants in Germany. BIOLFLOR — search and information system on vascular plants in Germany. URL:http://www2.ufz.de/biolflor/index.jsp.
Chuine I, Morin X, Sonié L, Collin C, Fabreguettes J, Degueldre D, Salager J & Roy J, 2012. Climate change might increase the invasion potential of the alien C4 grass Setaria parviflora (Poaceae) in the Mediterranean Basin. Divers Distrib 18, 661–672.
Cornelissen JHC, Lavorel S, Garnier E, Díaz S, Buchmann N, Gurvich HD, Reich PB, Steege H ter, Morgan HD, van der Heijden MGA, Pausas JG & Poorter H, 2003. A handbook of protocols for standardised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide. Aust J Bot 51, 335–380.
Donohue K, Casas RR de, Burghardt L, Kovach K & Willis CG, 2010. Germination, Postgermination Adaptation, and Species Ecological Ranges. Annu Rev Ecol Evol S 41, 293–319.
Ebeling SK, Welk E, Auge H & Bruelheide H, 2008. Predicting the spread of an invasive plant: combining experiments and ecological niche model. Ecography 31, 709–719.
Edler B & Steinmann H-H, 2012. Untersuchungen zu Auflauf und Etablierung von Iva xanthiifolia Nutt. unter veränderten Umweltbedingungn in Norddeutschalnd. Julius-Kühn-Archiv 434, 587–594.
Efthimiadou AP, Karkanis AC, Bilalis DJ & Efthimiadis P, 2009. Review: The phenomenon of crop-weed competition; a problem or a key for sustainable weed management? J Food Agric Environ 7, 861–868.
Ellenberg H & Snoy M-L, 1957. Physiologisches und ökologisches Verhalten von Ackerunkräutern gegenüber der Bodenfeuchtigkeit. Mitt Staatsinst Allg Bot Hamburg, 11, 47–87.
Follak S, 2009. Vorkommen und potenzielle Verbreitung des Rispenkrauts (Iva xanthiifolia) in Österreich. Bot Helv 119, 7–12.
Follak S, Dullinger S, Kleinbauer M, Moser D & Essl F, 2013. Invasion dynamics of three allergenic invasive Asteraceae (Ambrosia trifida, Artemisia annua, Iva xanthiifolia) in central and eastern Europe. Preslia 85, 41–61.
Gassó N, Basnou C & Vilà M, 2010. Predicting plant invaders in the Mediterranean through a weed risk assessment system. Biol Inv 12, 463–476.
Grime JP, 1974. Vegetation classification by reference to strategies. Nature 250, 26–31.
Hanzlik K & Gerowitt B, 2011. The importance of climate, site and management on weed vegetation in oilseed rape in Germany. Agric Ecosyst Env 141, 323–331.
Hódi L & Torma M, 2000. Efficacy of some herbicide active ingredients on Iva xanthiifolia Nutt. in laboratory trials. J Plant Dis Protect Special Issue 17, 603–605.
Hodisan N, 2009. Results of the research on the allelopathic effect between the neophyte species, Iva xanthiifolia Nutt. (“Ierboaia”) and some agricultural crops. Bull UASMV Agriculture 66, 362–369.
Hothorn T, Bretz F & Westfall P, 2008. Simultaneous Inference in General Parametric Models. Biometrical J 50, 346–363.
Hyvönen T, Glemnitz M, Radics L & Hoffmann J, 2011. Impact of climate and land use type on the distribution of Finnish casual arable weeds in Europe. Weed Res 51, 201–208.
Klotz S, Kühn I & Durka W (eds), 2002. BIOLFLOR — Eine Datenbank zu biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen der Gefäßpflanzen in Deutschland. — Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde 38. Bonn: Bundesamt für Naturschutz.
Levitt J, Lovett JV & Garlick PR, 1984. Datura stramonium allelochemicals: longevity in soil, and ultrastructural effects on root tip cells of Helianthus annuus L. New Phytol 97, 213–218.
Lloret F, Penuelas J & Estiatre M, 2004. Experimental evidence of reduced diversity of seedlings due to climate modification in a Mediterranean-type community. Glob Change Biol 10, 248–258.
Moseley C, Panferov O, Döring C, Dietrich J, Haberlandt U, Ebermann V, Rechid D, Beese F & Jacob D, 2012. Klimaentwicklung und Klimaszenarien. In: Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Umwelt, Energie und Klimaschutz (ed) Empfehlung für eine niedersächsische Strategie zur Anpassung an die Folgen des Klimawandels. Regierungskommision Klimaschutz, pp 18–41.
Or D & Wraith JM, 2002. Soil water content and water potential relationships. In: Warrick AW (ed.) Soil physics companion. CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA.
Pearson RG & Dawson TP, 2003. Predicting the impacts of climate change on the distribution of species: are bioclimate envelope models seful? Global Ecol Biogeogr 12, 361–371.
Pinheiro J, Bates D, DebRoy S, Sarkar D, R Development Core Team, 2012. nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models. R package version 3.1-104.
R Development Core Team, 2013. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.org.
Sattin M, Zanin G & Berti A, 1992. Case history for weed competition/population ecology: velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) in corn (Zea mays). Weed Technol 6, 213–219.
Taiz L & Zeiger E, 2002. Plant Physiology, 3rd. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Mass.
Tataw JT, Hall R, Ziss E, Schwarz T, von Hohberg und Buchwald C, Formayer H, Hösch J, Baumgarten A, Berthold H, Michel K & Zaller JG, 2014. Soil types will alter the response of arable agroecosystems to future rainfall patterns. Ann Appl Biol 164, 35–45.
Thomas CD, 2010. Climate, climate change and range boundaries. Divers Distrib 16, 488–495.
Trnka M, Olesen JE, Kersebaum KC, Skjelva AO, Eitzinger J & Seguin B et al., 2011. Agroclimatic conditions in Europe under climate change. Glob Change Biol 17, 2298–2318.
Weber E & Gut D, 2005. A survey of weeds that are increasingly spreading in Europe. Agron Sust Dev 25, 109–121.
Went FW, 1950. The climatic control of flowering and fruit set. Am Naturalist 84, 816.
Zuur AF, 2009. Mixed effects models and extensions in ecology with R. Springer, New York.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Edler, B., Bürger, J., Breitsameter, L. et al. Growth Responses to Elevated Temperature and Reduced Soil Moisture During Early Establishment of three Annual Weeds in Four Soil Types. J Plant Dis Prot 122, 39–48 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356529
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356529