Village Mapping for Micro-level Planning Using UAV Technology

Abstract

High-resolution digital maps can be prepared and updated using drones or Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Compared to satellite imagery, UAV mapping is considered to be cost-effective and an accurate method. As the altitude from ground level is less in case of drones and with the help of high-resolution cameras, it’s easy to build 2D and 3D maps with accuracy in centimetres. Drone mapping from aerial survey conducted by specialized drone instrument can also include LiDAR, thermal or multispectral and RGB (for photogrammetry). Previous studies state that compared to manual methods of data collection, drone mapping data are collected 90% faster. To extract valuable information like creating an assets map, 3D models, 2D maps and DEM (Digital Elevation Model), the drone collected data can be processed through drone mapping software. Photogrammetry is one of the most widely used methods in drone mapping, using which the cadastral maps can be prepared. Images procured using drones need to be pre-processed and stitched together using the workstation software to create digital 3D models of the real world. An ortho image provides 2D top-down map of the region whereas the stereoscopic image provides all three dimensions of the features in the region. A 3D Point including information such as Latitude, Longitude and elevations from datum level is a digital representation of the survey area. When combined, they build a fleshed out 3D model. For preparing denser 3D models more points need to be collected, and are ideal for project progress. This chapter mainly discusses about the accuracy, applications and data processing methods with a case study in preparing village map from high-resolution drone images.