Abstract
Nowadays, a precise and robust localization system is essential for an autonomous vehicle to operate safely and effectively. Currently, individual sensor still can not reach a satisfying level in both accuracy and robustness. It is a feasible solution to build a localization system by fusing multi-type sensors and incorporating map information. This paper proposes a real-time multi-sensor fusion method based on the particle filter framework. It utilizes the onboard IMU, camera, lidar, and digital map information. The main novelty and contribution of this paper lie in combining visual and distance measurements into semantic features to correct the states. From a mass production perspective, the proposed system is satisfactory in terms of accuracy and map volume. The proposed method is quantitatively evaluated in real complex scenarios. The experimental results show the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed system.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Crassidis, J.: Sigma-point Kalman filtering for integrated GPS and inertial navigation. IEEE Trans. Aeros. Electron. Syst. 42(2), 750–756 (2006)
Groves, P.D.: Principles of GNSS, inertial, and multisensor integrated navigation systems. IEEE Aeros. Electron. Syst. Maga. 30(2), 26–27 (2015)
Hartley, R., Ghaffari, M., Eustice, R.M., Grizzle, J.W.: Contact-aided invariant extended Kalman filtering for robot state estimation. Int. J. Rob. Res. 39(4), 402–430 (2020)
Houts, S.E., Cammarata, R., Mills, G., Agarwal, S., Vora, A.: Localization requirements for autonomous vehicles. SAE Int. J. Connect. Autom. Veh. 2(3), 173–190 (2019)
Lu, W., Wan, G., Zhou, Y., Fu, X., Yuan, P., Song, S.: DeepVCP: an end-to-end deep neural network for point cloud registration. In: 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), pp. 12–21 (2019)
Qin, C., Ye, H., Pranata, C.E., Han, J., Zhang, S., Liu, M.: LINS: a lidar-inertial state estimator for robust and efficient navigation. In: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 8899–8906 (2020)
Suhr, J.K., Jang, J., Min, D., Jung, H.G.: Sensor fusion-based low-cost vehicle localization system for complex urban environments. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 18(5), 1078–1086 (2017)
Wan, Get al.: Robust and precise vehicle localization based on multi-sensor fusion in diverse city scenes. In: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 4670–4677 (2018)
Wang, H., Xue, C., Zhou, Y., Wen, F., Zhang, H.: Visual semantic localization based on HD map for autonomous vehicles in urban scenarios. In: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 11255–11261 (2021)
Wen, W., Pfeifer, T., Bai, X., Hsu, L.T.: Factor graph optimization for GNSS/INS integration: a comparison with the extended Kalman filter. Navigation 68(2), 315–331 (2021)
Xiao, Z., Yang, D., Wen, T., Jiang, K., Yan, R.: Monocular localization with vector HD map (MLVHM): A low-cost method for commercial IVs. Sensors 20(7), 1870 (2020)
Zhang, J., Singh, S.: LOAM: lidar odometry and mapping in real-time. In: Robotics: Science and Systems X. Robotics: Science and Systems Foundation (2014)
Zhang, Z., Zhao, J., Huang, C., Li, L.: Learning end-to-end inertial-wheel odometry for vehicle ego-motion estimation. In: 2021 5th CAA International Conference on Vehicular Control and Intelligence (CVCI), pp. 1–6 (2021)
Zhang, Z., Zhao, J., Huang, C., Li, L.: Learning visual semantic map-matching for loosely multi-sensor fusion localization of autonomous vehicles. IEEE Trans. Intell. Veh. 8, 358–367 (2022)
Zheng, S., Wang, J.: High definition map-based vehicle localization for highly automated driving: Geometric analysis. In: 2017 International Conference on Localization and GNSS (ICL-GNSS), pp. 1–8. IEEE, Nottingham (2017)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 Beijing HIWING Sci. and Tech. Info Inst
About this paper
Cite this paper
Zhang, Z., Huang, C., Li, L. (2023). Vehicle Localization on Semantic Map by Combining Visual and Distance Measurements. In: Fu, W., Gu, M., Niu, Y. (eds) Proceedings of 2022 International Conference on Autonomous Unmanned Systems (ICAUS 2022). ICAUS 2022. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 1010. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0479-2_146
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0479-2_146
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-0478-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-0479-2
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)