Skip to main content

A Survey on Medium Access Control Protocol for Wireless Body Area Nanosensor Network

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Proceedings of International Conference on Communication and Computational Technologies

Abstract

The body area nanosensor network represents a new paradigm shift that extends beyond the traditional sensor and body area network. It is envisioned that the implanted nanodevices will take measurements from inside the body and send the measured data to the outside world thereby reducing the rate at which patients constantly visit the hospital. However, this network is limited with energy-constrained and terahertz path loss which requires novel solutions. Medium access control is responsible for the management of the radio transmitter and receiver which is the highest energy-consuming part of the nanonodes. This research gives a thorough examination of medium access control (MAC) protocols designed for wireless body area nanosensor networks (WBANNs). We explore the design requirements for WBANNs with significant energy dissipation sources. Then, we look at the already developed protocols for WBANNs, focusing on their merits and drawbacks. The paper concludes with closing remarks and open research questions for further study.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Akyildiz IF, Brunetti F, Blázquez C (2008) Nanonetworks: a new communication paradigm. Comput Netw 52(12):260–2279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Akyildiz IF, Jornet JM (2010) Electromagnetic wireless nanosensor networks. Nano Commun Netw 1(1):3–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Zakariyya OS, Yaro AS, Usman AD, Sani SM, Tekanyi AMS (2020) A feasibility study of cluster-based energy harvesting aware routing protocol for body nanosensor network. In: 1st IEEE multi-conference on trans-disciplinary sciences, engineering & information systems and computing applications, pp 18–21

    Google Scholar 

  4. Pierobon M, Jornet JM, Akkari N, Almasri S, Akyildiz IF (2013) A routing framework for energy harvesting wireless nanosensor networks in the terahertz band. Wireless Netw 20(5):1169–1183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Piro G, Boggia G, Grieco LA (2014) On the design of an energy-harvesting protocol stack for body area nanonetworks. Nano Commun Netw 6(2):74–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Atakan B, Akan O, Balasubramaniam S (2012) Body area nanonetworks with molecular communications in nanomedicine. IEEE Commun Mag 50(1):28–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Santagati GE, Melodia T (2014) Opto-ultrasonic communications for wireless intra-body nanonetworks. Nano Commun Netw 5(1):3–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Jornet JM, Akyildiz IF (2010) Graphene-based nanoantennas for electromagnetic nancommunications in the terahertz band. In: Proceedings of European conference on antennas and propagation, pp 1–5

    Google Scholar 

  9. Jornet JM, Akyildiz IF (2011) Channel modeling and capacity analysis for electromagnetic wireless nanonetworks in the terahertz band. Wireless Commun IEEE Trans 10(10):3211–3221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Yao X-W, Wu Y-C-G, Huang W (2019) Routing techniques in wireless nanonetworks: a survey. Nano Commun Netw 21

    Google Scholar 

  11. Jornet JM, Pujol J, Paret J (2012) Phlame: a physical layer aware MAC protocol for electromagnetic nanonetworks in the terahertz band. Nano Commun Netw J 3(1):74–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Srikanth V, Chalvadi S, Sandeep V, Venkatesh (2012) Energy efficient, scalable and reliable MAC protocol for electromagnetic communication among nano devices. Int J Distrib Parallel Syst (IJDPS) 3(1):249–256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Hughes L, Wang X, Chen T (2012) A review of protocol implementations and energy efficient cross-layer design for wireless body area networks. Sensors 12(11):14730–14773

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Jornet JM, Akyildiz IF (2012) Joint energy harvesting and communication analysis for perpetual wireless nanosensor networks in the terahertz band. IEEE Trans Nanotechnol 11(3):570–580

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ullah S, Shen B, Riazul Islam SM, Khan P, Saleem S, Sup Kwak K (2009) A study of MAC protocols for WBANs. Sensors 10(1):128–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Wang P, Jornet JM, Abbas Malik MG, Akkari N, Akyildiz IF (2013) Energy and spectrum-aware MAC protocol for perpetual wireless nanosensor networks in the terahertz band. Ad Hoc Netw 11(8):2541–2555

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Mohrehkesh S, Weigle MC, Das SK (2015) DRIH-MAC: a distributed receiver-initiated harvesting-aware MAC for nanonetworks. IEEE Trans Mol Biol Multi-Scale Commun 1(1):97–110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Rikhtegar N, Keshtgari M, Ronaghi Z (2017) EEWNSN: energy efficient wireless nano sensor network MAC protocol for communications in the terahertz band. Wireless Pers Commun 97(1):521–537

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Yu H, Bryan NG, Seah Winston KG (2017) Pulse arrival scheduling for nanonetworks under limited IoT access bandwidth. In: IEEE 42nd conference on local computer networks, pp 18–26

    Google Scholar 

  20. Xu J, Zhao Y, Zhang R, Kan J (2018) A load-aware dynamic TDMA protocol for terahertz wireless nanosensor networks. In: IEEE International conference on information communication and signal processing (ICICSP)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Lee SJ, Choi H, Kim S (2018) Slotted CSMA/CA based energy Efficinet MAC protocol design in nanonetworks. Int J Wireless Mobile Netw 10(1):1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Xu J, Kan J, Zhang Y (2019) Centralized energy harvesting-based TDMA protocol for terahertz nanosensor networks. Sensors 19(20):4508

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Xia Q, Hossain Z, Medley MJ, Jornet JM (2021) A link-layer synchronization and medium access control protocol for terahertz-band communication networks. IEEE Trans Mob Comput 20(1):2–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Wang W-L, Wang C-C, Yao X-W (2019) Slot self-allocation based MAC protocol for energy harvesting nanonetworks. Sensors 19(21):4646

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Xu J, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Kan J, Lin L (2020) A TDMA protocol based on data priority for in-vivo wireless nanosensor networks. In: IEEE INFOCOM 2020, pp 1242–1247

    Google Scholar 

  26. Xu J, Huang H, Zhao Y, Lin L (2021) A MAC protocol based on energy scheduling for in-vivo wireless nanosensor networks. In: IEEE wireless communications and networking conference, pp 1–6

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sikiru O. Zakariyya .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Zakariyya, S.O., Usman, A.D., Tekanyi, A.M.S., Yaro, A.S. (2023). A Survey on Medium Access Control Protocol for Wireless Body Area Nanosensor Network. In: Kumar, S., Hiranwal, S., Purohit, S.D., Prasad, M. (eds) Proceedings of International Conference on Communication and Computational Technologies . Algorithms for Intelligent Systems. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3951-8_48

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics