Skip to main content

Study of ET0 by Using Soft Computing Techniques in the Eastern Gandak Project in Bihar, India—A Case Study

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Soft Computing: Theories and Applications

Abstract

The appropriate planning and management of irrigated agriculture require accurate assessment of the ET0. To estimate the reference evapotranspiration (ET0), soft computing techniques are used. Based on the climatological data collected from the IARI regional station at Pusa for the period from 1981 to 2016, the conventional methods of Hargreaves method and FAO 56 Penman method were used to determine ET0. In order to estimate ET0, three soft computing techniques were used, i.e. support vector machine (SVM), Gaussian process regression (GPR) and artificial neural network (ANN). The reliability of these computational methods was analysed based on the coefficient of determination. In comparison to SVM and GPR computational approaches, the final result shows that ANN is the best methodology for prediction of ET0.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abdullah SS, Malek MA, Abdullah NS, Kisi O, Yap KS (2015) Extreme learning machines: a new approach for prediction of reference evapotranspiration. J Hydrol 527:184–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.04.073

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Adamala S, Raghuwanshi NS, Mishra A, Tiwari MK (2013) Evapotranspiration modelling using second-order neural networks. J Hydrol Eng 19(6):1131–1140. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000887

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Afzaal H, Farooque AA, Abbas F, Acharya B, Esau T (2020) Computation of evapotranspiration with artificial intelligence for precision water resource management. Appl Sci. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10051621

  4. Allen RG, Pereira LS, Raes D, Smith M (1998) Crop evapotranspiration-guidelines for computing crop water requirements-FAO irrigation and drainage paper 56. FAO Rome 300(9):D05109

    Google Scholar 

  5. Blaney HF, Criddle WD (1950) Determining water requirements in irrigated areas from climatological and irrigation data. USDA Soil Cons Serv SCS-TP96, p 44. Washington D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Doorenbos J, Pruitt WO (1977) Guidelines or predicting crop water requirements (FAO irrigation and drainage paper 24). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Itely

    Google Scholar 

  7. Feng Y, Cui N, Zhao L, Hu X, Gong D (2016) Comparison of ELM, GANN, WNN and Empafzaal Irical models for estimating reference evapotranspiration in humid region of Southwest China. J Hydrol 536:376–383

    Google Scholar 

  8. Firat M (2008) Comparison of artificial intelligence techniques for river flow forecasting. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 12:123–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Gocić M, Motamedi S, Shamshirband S, Petković D, Ch S, Hashim R, Arif M (2015) Soft computing approaches for forecasting reference evapotranspiration. Comput Electron Agric 113:164–173

    Google Scholar 

  10. Karimaldini F, TeangShui L, Ahmed Mohamed T, Abdollahi M, Khalili N (2011) Daily evapotranspiration modelling from limited weather data by using neuro-fuzzy computing technique. J Irrig Drain Eng 138(1):21–34. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kalteh AM (2013) Monthly river flow forecasting using artificial neural network and support vector regression models coupled with wavelet transform. Comput Geosci 54:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2012.11.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Khoob AR (2007) Comparative study of Hargreaves’s and artificial neural network’s methodologies in estimating reference evapotranspiration in a semiarid environment. Irrig Sci 26:253–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Khoob AR (2008) Artificial neural network estimation of reference evapotranspiration from pan evaporation in a semi-arid environment. Irrig Sci 27(1):35–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-008-0119-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Kisi O (2009) Fuzzy genetic approach for modeling reference evapotranspiration. J Irrig Drain Eng 136(3):175–183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kumar M, Raghuwanshi NS, Singh R, Wallender WW, Pruitt WO (2002) Estimating evapotranspiration using artificial neural network. J Irrig Drain Eng 128:224–233. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2002)128:4(224)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kumar M, Raghuwanshi NS, Singh R (2011) Artificial neural networks approach in evapotranspiration modelling: a review. Irrig Sci 29:11–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Lu W-Z, Wang W-J (2005) Potential assessment of the “support vector machine” method in forecasting ambient air pollutant trends. Chemosphere 59(5):693–701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.10.032

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Mehdizadeh S, Behmanesh J, Khalili K (2017) Using MARS, SVM, GEP and empirical equations for estimation of monthly mean reference evapotranspiration. Comput Electron Agric 139:103–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2017.05.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Patil AP, Deka PC (2016) An extreme learning machine approach for modeling evapotranspiration using extrinsic inputs. Comput Electron Agric 121:385–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2016.01.016

  20. Pereira LS, Allen RG, Smith M, Raes D (2015) Crop evapotranspiration estimation with FAO56: past and future. Agric Water Manage 147:4–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.07.031

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Vapnik VN, Golowich SE, Smola A (1997) Support vector method for function approximation, regression estimation, and signal processing. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 281–287

    Google Scholar 

  22. Wang J (2005) Carbon‐nanotube based electrochemical biosensors: A review. Electroanalysis: Int J Devoted Fundam Pract Aspects Electroanalysis 17(1):7–14

    Google Scholar 

  23. Wang YM, Namaona W, Traore S, Zhang ZC (2009) Seasonal temperature-based models for reference evapotranspiration estimation under semi-arid condition of Malawi. Afr J Agric Res 4(9):878–886

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to L. B. Roy .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Roy, L.B., Praveen, K. (2022). Study of ET0 by Using Soft Computing Techniques in the Eastern Gandak Project in Bihar, India—A Case Study. In: Kumar, R., Ahn, C.W., Sharma, T.K., Verma, O.P., Agarwal, A. (eds) Soft Computing: Theories and Applications. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 425. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0707-4_47

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics