Abstract
Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are the commonly used therapeutic interventions for cancerous tumors but they often cause deleterious side effects to the normal cells surrounding the tumor site leading to poor prognosis. In the past two decades, photodynamic therapy has emerged as one of the most investigated techniques for treating cancerous tumors due to minimum invasiveness, cancer cell selectivity, and high therapeutic effect. In photodynamic therapy, a photosensitizer is excited with a light source, resulting in a photochemical reaction within the cell’s microenvironment that generates cytotoxic free radicals. However, the overall therapeutic efficacy of photodynamic therapy depends on several factors such as tumor location and microenvironment, photosensitizer molecule, and wavelength and intensity of the activation light. Most of the photosensitizers are highly hydrophobic which often leads to aggregation in an aqueous environment resulting in decreased singlet oxygen quantum yield. By using nanomaterials as delivery agents, photosensitizers can be delivered at the target site with high load and increased aqueous solubility leading to increased therapeutic efficacy. In this chapter, we review different types of nanomaterials as delivery agents for photosensitizers. We also summarize the application of nanomaterials as down-converting and up-converting photosensitizers, and their advantages over conventional photosensitizers.
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Shabbirahmed, A.M., Kumaravel, M., Somu, P., Paul, S., Khadria, A. (2022). Recent Advancements in Nanomaterials for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancers. In: Chakraborti, S. (eds) Handbook of Oxidative Stress in Cancer: Therapeutic Aspects. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1247-3_211-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1247-3_211-1
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Recent Advancements in Nanomaterials for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancers- Published:
- 21 April 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1247-3_211-2
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Recent Advancements in Nanomaterials for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancers- Published:
- 11 March 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1247-3_211-1