Keywords

1 Introduction

Robotics is one of the most creative areas of scientific research in the world today. Robot technology includes machine, electron, computer, sensor, artificial intelligence and many discipline domains. The application field of robot expands continuously after years of development. Robot technology is mainly used in military, industrial production, disaster relief and other fields. Robot technology is suitable for many strong radiations, strong corrosion, high temperature, cold and other harsh environment. Robot technology can be valued and developed because robots can replace humans to complete some hard work. It promotes the long-term development of robot technology and can better protect the safety of human beings. Bionic robot is an important branch in the field of robot research.

2 Introduce

Robotics is one of the most creative areas of scientific research in the world today. Robot technology includes machine, electron, computer, sensor, artificial intelligence and many discipline domains. The application field of robot expands continuously after years of development. Robot technology is mainly used in military, industrial production, disaster relief and other fields. Robot technology is suitable for many strong radiations, strong corrosion, high temperature, cold and other harsh environment. Robot technology can be valued and developed because robots can replace humans to complete some hard work. It promotes the long-term development of robot technology and can better protect the safety of human beings. Bionic robot is an important branch in the field of robot research.

3 Research Status of Robot Platform

With the rapid development of computer technology, artificial intelligence and biological engineering, robot technology has made great breakthroughs. Bionic robots have made great progress [1]. In the 1960s, Baldwin and Shigley, both American scholars, designed the motorized walking car with CAM linkage mechanism. During this period, Mosher in the USA designed “Walking Truck” in 1968, as shown in Fig. 1. TITAN-VIII and other bionic robots were developed by Tokyo institute of technology. TITAN-VIII of the development of the most useful. TITAN-VIII is an application development platform developed by several research institutes and universities in Japan. TITAN-VIII robot is shown in Fig. 2. Each leg of TITAN-VIII robot has three degrees of freedom [2]. TITAN-V III robot knee joint has a degree of freedom of up and down rotation. TITAN-V III robot has two degrees of freedom leg joints, total body weight of about 40 kg and can load about 7 kg. TITAN-V III robot adopts a new rope drive and motor drive, and normal walking speed can be controlled at 0.3 m/s.

Fig. 1
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Walking truck robot

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Fig. 2
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TITAN-VIII robot

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The research of bionic robot in China began in 1980s. Although the bionic robot in China started late, the researchers actively explore the robot science. After decades of exploration and development, robotics has also made major breakthroughs in related fields. At present, there are two driving modes of the simulation machine in our country, namely motor and hydraulic. In the 1970s, Jilin University of Technology began research on unconventional walking facilities [3]. Jilin University of Technology has developed a test bed car, which shows high traction efficiency in plowing. This trolley is used for cultivation of paddy fields without a hard bottom. This trolley has two parallelogram legs. In 2007, Harbin Institute of Technology developed a bionic robot with legs and wheels. Leg-wheeled bionic robots mimic the movements of reptiles. The leg-wheeled bionic robot realizes the obstacle crossing function of the complex road by designing the leg structure of the four-legged robot. The legged wheeled bionic robot can release the roller to realize fast movement on the flat road, which effectively increases the rapidity and flexibility of the quadruped robot.

4 Research on Robot Control Methods

Bionic robot has made some breakthroughs in the research of motion control theory and method. Moreover, with the continuous innovation and improvement of information technology, bionic robot has better realized new breakthroughs in technology and effectively promoted the development of bionic robot industry [4]. But, in practical application, due to the influence of some uncertain factors, the data obtained by the bionic robot is not accurate. In order to improve the working level of bionic robot, it is necessary to strengthen its research.

The motion control of the robot usually only needs some intermittent and discrete landing points, which can realize obstacle crossing and adapt to the complex and unknown environment through various complex and rugged grounds [5]. The coordination and control of simulation robot are difficult and complex. When redundant degrees of freedom exist, the control of simulation robot is more difficult and complex. The following are three common gait control methods for simulation robots.

Model-based motion control is a widely used method. Generally, it follows the idea of modeling, planning and control. The model-based approach itself has the following disadvantages: It requires complex dynamic modeling; the motion planning of this method is complex. The inverse solution of kinematics or dynamics may not be unique. The planning process of this method is discontinuous. This control method contradicts the continuous motion process of the robot. The ability of this control method to adapt to the environment is limited.

The behavior-based control approach is based on the perception–reflection approach. The robot motion controlled by this method consists of a series of simple local motions. The corresponding action is controlled by the sensor signal. This control method has no delay function [6]. Behavior-based control methods can adapt to unstructured environments. The disadvantage of this control method is that it cannot plan the whole task. This method cannot guarantee that the robot can move according to the optimal control target. This method is difficult to plan the whole system and has poor flexibility.

The control mode of bionic robot is rhythmic movement. The control method of bionic robot is a kind of motion control theory and method which is quickly introduced. This method is through engineering improvement, simplification and simulation of control mechanism or biological phenomenon.

Bionic robot motion control technology has strict requirements. Bionic robot is easy to cause adverse effects when working. Bionic robot is very difficult in practical application. Therefore, in practical applications, bionic robots need to fully consider the impact on the surrounding environment when starting [7]. In practical applications, the direction of movement of the bionic robot can be enhanced to reduce this effect.

In the process of operation, the uncertainty of external factors is likely to have a negative impact on the application of bionic robot and increase the difficulty of its application. In order to further improve the application level and work quality of bionic robot, it is necessary to continuously improve the working environment. In addition, it is necessary to constantly improve the monitoring system of relevant parties and further improve the monitoring system by using intelligent and information technology, so as to timely discover and deal with the occurrence of unexpected events. During the course of the operation, the possible problems should be remedied from the technical side.

After entering the twenty-first century, with the rapid update of information technology, the development speed of some industries is also accelerating. But, in the fast pace of development, bionic robot-related technology has also achieved a certain breakthrough. At present, the theory and technology of biomimetic robot motion control in China still lag behind that in developed countries. Some core technologies have not been fully mastered [8]. China’s innovation in technology is relatively low. At the same time, the imperfection of theory also affects the innovation of technology.

In view of the shortcomings of the technical side and the lack of innovation, it is necessary to actively strengthen the study of other countries’ advanced technology experience and take its essence for our own use [9]. In addition, in order to better realize the technological innovation and breakthrough need to constantly strengthen the research of modern technology.

The perfection of theoretical foundation is the key factor to support technological innovation. The research of motion control theory should start from many aspects. On the basis of the theoretical foundation, innovation and improvement can be achieved. Due to the relatively late development and use of robots in China, the theoretical basis of relevant parties is not perfect. Therefore, on the existing basis, it is necessary to constantly strengthen the study and reference of other countries’ advanced theories, so as to achieve new breakthroughs.

The cultivation of talents not only needs the cooperation of relevant enterprises but also needs the policy support of the government [10]. As a relevant research unit, it is necessary to strengthen the technical training for employees and provide opportunities for technical personnel to go abroad for further study and actively learn relevant technical experience of foreign countries. Enterprises should strengthen the training of employees’ theoretical basis and encourage researchers to strengthen theoretical research. The government should actively call on universities to develop relevant majors. At the same time, enterprises can establish school-enterprise cooperation mode with universities [11]. Enterprises provide high-quality teachers and financial support for colleges and universities and constantly improve the practical training equipment of colleges and universities, so that colleges and universities can directly provide professional talents for enterprises.

5 Prospect Analysis of Bionic Robot

As for the research prospect analysis of the movement control theory and method of bionic robot, it is necessary to make new breakthroughs in technology and further improve the problem improvement scheme of bionic robot in practical application.

Therefore, it is necessary to continuously strengthen the research on theoretical knowledge, actively learn the advanced technical experience and theoretical knowledge of foreign countries and better realize the new breakthroughs in China’s research in this field.

6 Conclusion

The application field of robot expands continuously after years of development. In this paper, the robot technology is introduced, the research status of the robot platform is explained, the control method of the robot is studied and the application prospect of the bionic robot is analyzed. This paper analyzes the current situation and prospect of the research on the motion control theory and method of bionic robot and puts forward the corresponding improvement strategies for the problems existing in the research on the motion control theory and method of bionic robot. Finally, it is pointed out that the motion control method and control theory of the bionic robot need to be studied more and more, so as to further improve the theoretical research basis and make greater breakthroughs in the realization of technology and motion control method.