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The Potential of Antioxidants and Phytochemicals Components in Fruit Waste (Peel) of Citrus hystrix and Ananas comosus

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Charting the Sustainable Future of ASEAN in Science and Technology

Abstract

Asians love to have Citrus hystrix (Kaffir lime) and Ananas comosus (pineapple) in their dishes, drink and even enjoy it raw. However, the peels of these fruits are massively being discarded and time consuming to be degraded. Realizing their potential in antioxidants and phytochemicals compound, the aim of this research is to extract the peels by using Soxhlet or maceration techniques and to compare the combination effect of both peels at three different ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1). DPPH scavenging activity was used to determine the antioxidant activity, meanwhile phytochemicals compound was analyzed using GC-MS analysis. At 100 mg/mL, C. hystrix peel showed 92.87% of inhibition higher than the percentage of inhibition for A. comosus peel, which scored for 89.10%. The highest combination of DPPH scavenging activity was identified at ratio 1:1, which is 63.14%, followed by ratio 1:2 (57.18%) and ratio 2:1 (48.84%). In a nutshell, the potential of antioxidant is reduced when both peels were combined. This is because certain components in both peels might reduce the potential and affect each other. However, there is no significant difference for all concentrations (p > 0.05) based on one-way ANOVA analysis. On phytochemicals screening toward C. hystrix peels, compounds such as citronellal, linalool, citronellol, terpinen-4-ol, iso Pulegol, and α-cubebene were identified. Meanwhile, benzene, 1,3-bis (phenoxyphenoxy), 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-methyl-, 2-furancarboxal-dehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-, and 4H-pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3, 5-dihydroxy-6-methyl were found in A. comosus peel. These components proved that both peels of C. hystrix and A. comosus are potentially useful as antioxidant. However, the single effect of each peel achieved a significantly greater potential versus the combination effects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Perlis, Malaysia

    Rohayu Ramli, Nureen Shahirah Ahmad Zaghlul & Nor Atikah Husna Ahmad Nasir

Authors
  1. Rohayu Ramli
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  2. Nureen Shahirah Ahmad Zaghlul
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  3. Nor Atikah Husna Ahmad Nasir
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Correspondence to Rohayu Ramli .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia

    Nurul Zawani Alias

  2. Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia

    Rizana Yusof

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Ramli, R., Ahmad Zaghlul, N.S., Ahmad Nasir, N.A.H. (2020). The Potential of Antioxidants and Phytochemicals Components in Fruit Waste (Peel) of Citrus hystrix and Ananas comosus. In: Alias, N., Yusof, R. (eds) Charting the Sustainable Future of ASEAN in Science and Technology . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3434-8_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3434-8_11

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  • Online ISBN: 978-981-15-3434-8

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