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Atmospheric Mixing Ratios of Ozone and Radiative Forcing

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Handbook of Air Quality and Climate Change

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Abstract

Ozone (O3) in the atmosphere has considerable impacts on the climate system. Changes in O3 in the stratosphere and troposphere cause significant fluctuation in the global radiation budget for both the short-wave and long-wave. Although chemical reaction mechanisms relevant to O3 differ between the stratosphere and troposphere, O3 chemistry is originally driven by photolytic reactions (photolysis) with solar radiation flux for both the stratosphere and troposphere. For the historical period, changes in stratospheric O3 are basically attributed to the increased emissions of O3 depleting species (ODSs) and nitrous oxide (N2O). It is projected that stratospheric circulation (Brewer-Dobson circulation) will be continuously enhanced by the global warming trend expected in the future resulting in a significant impact on the prospective O3 recovery in this century. The O3 increases in the troposphere are attributed to the combination of emission increases for O3 precursors (NOx, CO, and VOCs) and methane. The latest CMIP6 experiments suggest that despite the expected NOx emission decrease, tropospheric O3 will successively increase in this century due to increasing methane concentrations in the future. Future tropospheric O3 will be also affected by climate change as well as anthropogenic emission trends. In particular, increases in O3 transport from the stratosphere under stronger stratospheric circulation induced by warming can cause considerable O3 increases in the troposphere. It can be also expected that increases in some natural emissions like biogenic VOCs due to warming will also play important role in future tropospheric O3. The net radiative forcing for O3 (as the sum of stratospheric and tropospheric O3 changes) is estimated at 0.35 or 0.39 W m−2 by CMIP6 including a negative radiative forcing of about −0.1 W m−2 due to the stratospheric O3 depletion since the 1970s.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

    Kengo Sudo

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  1. Kengo Sudo
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Correspondence to Kengo Sudo .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

    Hajime Akimoto

  2. National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

    Hiroshi Tanimoto

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Sudo, K. (2023). Atmospheric Mixing Ratios of Ozone and Radiative Forcing. In: Akimoto, H., Tanimoto, H. (eds) Handbook of Air Quality and Climate Change. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2760-9_30

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