Skip to main content

Self-Regulated Learning for High-Ability and High-Achieving Students in Mixed-Ability Classrooms Throughout the Asia-Pacific

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Giftedness and Talent Development in the Asia-Pacific

Abstract

After defining Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) and explaining its overall importance, we discuss why cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies for SRL are important for gifted learners. We then describe how SRL can be taught to all students—including gifted students—in mixed-ability groups in primary school and introduce a series of SRL training units developed over the past 15 years. We provide extensive coverage of the guidelines according to which our training units were designed, thereby offering readers a toolbox of sorts for adapting existing training units to their own needs. We conclude this discussion with a description of the effectiveness research carried out for our training units. Finally, we briefly consider the adaptability of our SRL approach for non-Western cultures by discussing the example of East-Asian versus Western cultural orientations and earlier cross-cultural SRL research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 599.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ablard, K. E., & Lipschultz, R. E. (1998). Self-regulated learning in high-achieving students: Relations to advanced reasoning, achievement goals, and gender. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90, 94–101. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.90.1.94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed, W., van der Werf, G., Kuyper, H., & Minnaert, A. (2013). Emotions, self-regulated learning, and achievement in mathematics: A growth curve analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105, 150–161. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, P. A., Graham, S., & Harris, K. (1998). A perspective on strategy research: Progress and prospects. Educational Psychology Review, 10, 129–154. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022185502996

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balestrini, D. P. (2018). Substantiating cultural orientations supportive of high academic achievement: A comparison of cultural products in East Asia and the United States. Dissertation, University of Regensburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balestrini, D. P., & Stoeger, H. (2018). Substantiating a special cultural emphasis on learning and education in East Asia. High Ability Studies, 29, 79–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/13598139.2017.1423281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bempechat, J., Li, J., & Ronfard, S. (2018). Relations among cultural learning beliefs, self-regulated learning, and academic achievement for low-income Chinese American adolescents. Child Development, 89, 851–861. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12702

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boekaerts, M., Pintrich, P. R., & Zeidner, M. (Eds.). (2000). Handbook of self-regulation. San Diego, CA: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bray, M., & Kobakhidze, M. N. (2014). The global spread of shadow education. In D. B. Napier (Ed.), Qualities of education in a globalised world (pp. 185–200). Rotterdam, Netherlands: Sense Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, P. (2001). Skill formation in the twenty-first century. In P. Brown, A. Green, & H. Lauder (Eds.), High skills: Globalization, competitiveness and skill formation (pp. 1–55). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, C. K. K., & Rao, N (Eds.). (2010). Preface. In C. K. K. Chan & N. Rao (Eds.), Revisiting the Chinese learner: Changing contexts, changing education (Vol. 25, pp. xvii–xix). Hong Kong, China: Comparative Education Research Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, L., Mak, M. C. K., Li, T., Wu, B. P., Chen, B. B., & Lu, H. J. (2011). Cultural adaptations to environmental variability: An evolutionary account of east–west differences. Educational Psychology Review, 23, 99–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9149-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chong, W. H. (2007). The role of personal agency beliefs in academic self-regulation: An Asian perspective. School Psychology International, 28, 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034307075681

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Compare Countries. (2018). Data retrieved from https://www.hofstede-insights.com/product/compare-countries/

  • Dai, D. (2016). Looking back to the future: Toward a new era of gifted education. In D. Y. Dai & C. C. Kuo (Eds.), Gifted education in Asia: Problems and prospects (pp. 295–319). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Degner, S., & Gruber, H. (2011). Persons in the shadow: How guidance works in the acquisition of expertise. In B. Weber, E. Marsal, & T. Dobashi (Eds.), The politics of empathy: New interdisciplinary perspectives on an ancient phenomenon (pp. 103–116). Münster, Germany: Lit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dignath, C., Buettner, G., & Langfeldt, H.-P. (2008). How can primary school students learn self-regulated learning strategies most effectively? A meta-analysis on self-regulation training programmes. Educational Research Review, 3, 101–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2008.02.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dignath, C., & Büttner, G. (2008). Components of fostering self-regulated learning among students: A meta-analysis on intervention studies at primary and secondary school level. Metacognition and Learning, 3, 231–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-008-9029-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ericsson, K., Hoffman, R., Kozbelt, A., & Williams, A. (Eds.). (2018). The Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316480748

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100, 363–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.100.3.363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fincher, C. L., Thornhill, R., Murray, D. R., & Schaller, M. (2008). Pathogen prevalence predicts human cross-cultural variability in individualism/collectivism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 275(1649), 1279–1285. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.0094

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fontana, R. P., Milligan, C., Littlejohn, A., & Margaryan, A. (2015). Measuring self-regulated learning in the workplace. International Journal of Training and Development, 19, 32–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijtd.12046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hattie, J., Biggs, J., & Purdie, N. (1996). Effects of learning skills interventions on student learning: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 66, 99–136. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543066002099

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research, 77, 81–112. https://doi.org/10.3102/003465430298487

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hilbert, M. (2014). How much of the global information and communication explosion is driven by more, and how much by better technology? Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 65, 856–861. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.23031

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ho, I. T., & Hau, K.-T. (2008). Academic achievement in the Chinese context: The role of goals, strategies, and effort. International Journal of Psychology, 43, 892–897. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207590701836323

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ho, I. T., & Hau, K.-T. (2010). Consequences of the Confucian culture: High achievement but negative psychological attributes? Learning and Individual Differences, 20, 571–573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2010.08.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hübner, S., Nückles, M., & Renkl, A. (2010). Writing learning journals: Instructional support to overcome learning-strategy deficits. Learning and Instruction, 20, 18–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2008.12.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iyengar, S. S., & Lepper, M. R. (1999). Rethinking the value of choice: A cultural perspective on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 349–366. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.76.3.349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jin, L., & Cortazzi, M. (1998). Dimensions of dialogue: Large classes in China. International Journal of Educational Research, 29, 739–761. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-0355(98)00061-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Law, Y., Chan, C. K. K., & Sachs, J. (2008). Beliefs about learning, self-regulated strategies and text comprehension among Chinese children. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 78, 51–73. https://doi.org/10.1348/000709907X179812

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leung, F. K. S. (2001). In search of an east Asian identity in mathematics education. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 47, 35–51. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017936429620

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, J. (2002). A cultural model of learning: Chinese “heart and mind for wanting to learn”. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33, 248–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022102033003003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, J. (2010). Learning to self-perfect: Chinese beliefs about learning. In C. K. K. Chan & N. Rao (Eds). Revisiting the Chinese learner: Changing contexts, changing education (Vol. 25, pp. 35–69). Hong Kong, China: Comparative Education Research Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • McInerney, D. M., Cheng, R. W., Mok, M. M. C., & Lam, A. K. H. (2012). Academic self-concept and learning strategies: Direction of effect on student academic achievement. Journal of Advanced Academics, 23, 248–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/1932202X12451020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mori, I., & Baker, D. (2010). The origin of universal shadow education: What the supplemental education phenomenon tells us about the postmodern institution of education. Asia Pacific Education Review, 11, 36–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-009-9057-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nandagopal, K., & Ericsson, K. A. (2012). An expert performance approach to the study of individual differences in self-regulated learning activities in upper-level college students. Learning and Individual Differences, 22, 597–609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2011.11.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nisbett, R. E. (2005). The geography of thought: How Asians and westerners think differently, and why. London, England: Nicholas Brealey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nota, L., Soresi, S., & Zimmerman, B. J. (2004). Self-regulation and academic achievement and resilience: A longitudinal study. International Journal of Educational Research, 41, 198–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2005.07.001

  • Obergriesser, S., & Stoeger, H. (2016). The influence of emotions and learning preferences on learning strategy use before transition into high-achiever track secondary school. High Ability Studies, 27(1), 5–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/13598139.2015.1100980

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pintrich, P. R. (2000a). The role of goal orientation in self-regulated learning. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 451–502). San Diego, CA: Academic.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Pintrich, P. R. (2000b). Multiple goals, multiple pathways: The role of goal orientation in learning and achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92, 544–555. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.92.3.544

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pressley, M., Graham, S., & Harris, K. (2006). The state of educational intervention research as viewed through the lens of literacy intervention. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1348/000709905X66035

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pronold-Günthner, F., Winkler-Theiß, V., Schilcher, A., Pissarek, M., Sontag, C., Steinbach, J., … Lichtinger, U. (2014). Burg Adlerstein: Lesetraining: Lehrerband zum Lesetraining (Castle Adlerstein: Reading training: Teacher’s guide). Braunschweig, Germany: Westermann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Purdie, N., Hattie, J., & Douglas, G. (1996). Student conceptions of learning and their use of self-regulated learning strategies: A cross-cultural comparison. Journal of Educational Psychology, 88, 87–100. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.88.1.87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramdass, D., & Zimmerman, B. (2011). Developing self-regulation skills: The important role of homework. Journal of Advanced Academics, 22, 194–218. https://doi.org/10.1177/1932202X1102200202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao, N., & Chan, C. K. K. (2010). Moving beyond the paradoxes: Understanding Chinese learners and their teachers. In C. K. K. Chan & N. Rao (Eds.), Evisiting the Chinese learner: Changing contexts, changing education (Vol. 25, pp. 3–32). Hong Kong, China: Comparative Education Research Centre.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Renkl, A., Mandl, H., & Gruber, H. (1996). Inert knowledge: Analyses and remedies. Educational Psychologist, 31, 115–121. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep3102_3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salomon, G., & Perkins, P. N. (1989). Rocky roads to transfer: Rethinking mechanism of a neglected phenomenon. Educational Psychologist, 24, 113–142. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep2402_1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schilcher, A., Stoeger, H., Pissarek, M., Sontag, C., Pronold-Günthner, F., & Steinbach, J. (2013). Burg Adlerstein: Lesetraining: Arbeitsheft (Castle Adlerstein: Reading training: Workbook). Braunschweig, Germany: Westermann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schunk, D. H., & Rice, J. M. (1987). Enhancing comprehension skill and self-efficacy with strategy value information. Journal of Reading Behavior, 19, 285–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/10862968709547605

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sontag, C., & Stoeger, H. (2015). Can highly intelligent and high-achieving students benefit from training in self-regulated learning in a regular classroom context? Learning and Individual Differences, 41, 43–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2015.07.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stoeger, H., Fleischmann, S., & Obergriesser, S. (2015). Self-regulated learning (SRL) and the gifted learner in primary school: The theoretical basis of and empirical findings on a research program dedicated to ensuring that all students learn to regulate their own learning. Asia Pacific Education Review, 16, 257–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-015-9376-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stoeger, H., & Sontag, C. (2012). How gifted students learn: A literature review. In A. Ziegler, C. Fischer, H. Stoeger, & M. Reutlinger (Eds.), Gifted education as a lifelong challenge: Essays in honour of Franz J. Mönks (pp. 315–336). Münster, Germany: LIT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoeger, H., Sontag, C., & Ziegler, A. (2014). Impact of a teacher-led intervention on preference for self-regulated learning, finding main ideas in expository texts, and reading comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology, 106, 799–814. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036035

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stoeger, H., Steinbach, J., Obergriesser, S., & Matthes, B. (2014). What is more important for fourth-grade primary-school students for transforming their potential into achievement: The individual or the environmental box in multidimensional conceptions of giftedness? High Ability Studies, 25, 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/13598139.2014.914381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stoeger, H., & Ziegler, A. (2004). Selbstreguliertes Lernen im Mathematikunterricht: Ein Trainingsprogramm für GymnasiastInnen der 6. Und 7. Jahrgangsstufe (self-regulated learning during mathematics instruction: A training program for high-achiever-track pupils in grades 6 and 7). In C. A. von Gleichenstein (Ed.), Schulpsychologie als Brücke zwischen Familie und Schule [CD]. Bonn, Germany: Deutscher Psychologen-Verband.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoeger, H., & Ziegler, A. (2005). Evaluation of an elementary classroom self-regulated learning program for gifted mathematics underachievers. International Education Journal, 6, 261–271. Retrieved from https://ehlt.flinders.edu.au/education/iej/articles/V6n2/Stoeger/paper.pdf

  • Stoeger, H., & Ziegler, A. (2006). On the influence of motivational orientations on a training to enhance self-regulated learning skills. Georgian Electronic Scientific Journal: Education Science and Psychology, 9, 13–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoeger, H., & Ziegler, A. (2008a). Evaluation of a classroom based training to improve self-regulation in time management tasks during homework activities with fourth graders. Metacognition and Learning, 3, 207–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-008-9027-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stoeger, H., & Ziegler, A. (2008b). Trainingshandbuch selbstreguliertes Lernen II: Grundlegende Textverständnisstrategien für Schüler der 4. bis 8. Jahrgangsstufe (Self-regulated learning training handbook II: Basic reading-skills strategies for pupils in grades 4–8). Lengerich, Germany: Pabst.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoeger, H., & Ziegler, A. (2010). Do pupils with differing cognitive abilities benefit similarly from a self-regulated learning training program? Gifted Education International, 26, 110–123. https://doi.org/10.1177/026142941002600113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stoeger, H., & Ziegler, A. (2011). Self-regulatory training through elementary-school students’ homework completion. In B. J. Zimmerman & D. H. Schunk (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance (pp. 87–101). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, K. M. (2002). A cross-cultural comparison of the perceived traits of gifted behavior. Gifted and Talented International, 17, 61–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332276.2002.11672990

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Subotnik, R. F., Olszewski-Kubilius, P., & Worrell, F. C. (2011). Rethinking giftedness and gifted education: A proposed direction forward based on psychological science. Psychological Science, 12, 3–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100611418056

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tang, M., & Neber, H. (2008). Motivation and self-regulated science learning in high-achieving students: Differences related to nation, gender, and grade-level. High Ability Studies, 19, 103–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/13598130802503959

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van der Zande, J., Teigland, K., Sharyar, S., & Teigland, R. (2018). The substitution of labor: From technological feasibility to other factors influencing job automation. Innovative Internet Report 5. Stockholm, Sweden: Center for Strategy and Competitiveness, Stockholm School of Economics Institute for Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verma, S., & Larson, R. (Eds.) (2003). Examining adolescent leisure time across cultures: Developmental opportunities and risks [special issue]. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J., & Lin, E. (2005). Comparative studies on U.S. and Chinese mathematics learning and the implications for standards-based mathematics teaching reform. Educational Researcher, 34(5), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X034005003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, C. E., Husman, J., & Dierking, D. R. (2000). Self-regulation interventions with a focus on learning strategies. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 727–747). San Diego, CA: Academic.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, C. E., & Mayer, R. E. (1986). The teaching of learning strategies. In M. C. Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (3rd ed., pp. 315–327). New York, NY: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ziegler, A., & Stoeger, H. (2005). Trainingshandbuch selbstreguliertes Lernen I: Lernökologische Strategien für Schüler der 4. Jahrgangsstufe zur Verbesserung mathematischer Kompetenzen (Self-regulated learning training handbook I: Study-ecology strategies for pupils in grade four for improving their mathematics competencies). Lengerich, Germany: Pabst.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ziegler, A., & Stoeger, H. (2017). Systemic gifted education: A theoretical introduction. Gifted Child Quarterly, 61, 183–193. https://doi.org/10.1177/0016986217705713

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ziegler, A., Stoeger, H., & Vialle, W. (2013). Learning how to learn through homework: A six-week training program for children in the middle primary years with sample mathematics content. Victoria, Australia: Hawker Brownlow.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, B. J. (1986). Becoming a self-regulated learner: Which are the key subprocesses? Contemporary Educational Psychology, 16, 307–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-476X(86)90027-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, B. J. (1990). Self-regulating academic learning and achievement: The emergence of a social cognitive perspective. Educational Psychological Review, 2, 173–201. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01322178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 13–39). San Diego, CA: Academic.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Heidrun Stoeger .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Stoeger, H., Balestrini, D.P., Steinbach, J. (2021). Self-Regulated Learning for High-Ability and High-Achieving Students in Mixed-Ability Classrooms Throughout the Asia-Pacific. In: Smith, S.R. (eds) Handbook of Giftedness and Talent Development in the Asia-Pacific. Springer International Handbooks of Education. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3041-4_13

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics