Abstract
This chapter presents a brief overview of the three types of communication research methods being applied in development communication settings: quantitative, qualitative, and participatory. This chapter attempts to outline the relative characteristics and merits of these approaches to research and to emphasize some of the philosophical issues which underpin them. It discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each and highlights the benefits of a more normative approach focused on the “poor” in society.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Addo H (1985) Beyond Eurocentricity: transformation and transformational responsibility. In: Addo H, Amin S, Aseniero G et al (eds) Development as social transformation. Reflections on the global problematique. Hodder and Stoughton, London
Anderson J, Meyer T (1988) Mediated communication. A social action perspective. Sage, Newbury Park
Argyris C, Putnam R, Smith D (1985) Action science. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco
Berg B, Lune H (eds) (2014) Qualitative research methods for the social sciences. Pearson, Essex
Bhattacherjee A (2012) Social science research: principles, methods, and practices. Textbooks collection 3. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/oa_textbooks/3
Bogaert MVD, Bhagat S, Bam NB (1981) Participatory evaluation of an adult education programme. In: Fernandes W, Tandon R (eds) Participatory research and evaluation: experiments in research as a process of liberation. Indian Social Institute, New Delhi
Bruhn Jensen H (ed) (2013) A handbook of media and communication research: qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Routledge, New York
Bryman A (1984) The debate about quantitative and qualitative research: a question of method or epistemology? Br J Sociol 35(1):75–92
Bryman A, Burgess R (eds) (1994) Analyzing qualtative data, Routledge, London
Burke K (1968) Language as symbolic action. University of California Press, Berkeley
Chamarik S (1993) Democracy and development. A cultural perspective. Local Development Institute, Bangkok
Chambers R (2007) Ideas for development. Earthscan, London
Chambers R (2008) Revolutions in development inquiry. Earthscan, London
Chantana P, Wun Gaeo S (1985) Participatory research and rural development in Thailand. In: Farmer’s Assistance Board (ed) Participatory research: response to Asian people’s struggle for social transformation. Farmer’s Assistance Board, Manila
Christians C, Carey J (1981) The logic and aims of qualitative research. In: Stempel G, Weaver D, Westley B (eds) Research methods in mass communication. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs
Cooke B, Kothari U (eds) (2001) Participation. The new tyranny? Zed Books, London
D’Abreo D (1981) Training for participatory evaluation. In: Fernandes, Tandon R (eds) Participatory research and evaluation: experiments in research as a process of liberation. Indian Social Institute, New Delhi
Denzin NK, Lincoln YS (eds) (2005) The Sage handbook of qualitative research, 3rd edn. Sage, Thousand Oaks
Dervin B (1982) Citizen access as an information equity issue. In: Schement JR, Gutierrez F, Sirbu M (eds) Telecommunications policy handbook. Praeger, New York
Dervin B, Huesca R (1999) The participatory communication for development narrative: an examination of meta-theoretic assumptions and their impacts. In: Jacobson T, Servaes J (eds) Theoretical approaches to participatory communication. IAMCR book series. Hampton Press, Creskill, pp 169–210
Ewen S (1983) The implications of empiricism. J Commun 33(3):219
Fals Borda O (1988) Knowledge and people’s power: lessons with peasants in Nicaragua, Mexico, and Colombia. Indian Social Institute, New Delhi
Fals Borda O, Rahman HA (eds) (1991) Action and knowledge: breaking the monopoly with participatory action research. Intermediate Technology Publications, London
Farrington J (1988) Farmer participatory research: editorial introduction. Exp Agric 24:269
Friberg M, Hettne B (1985) “The greening of the world”, development as social transformation. Westview, Boulder
Fuglesang A (1984) The myth of people’s ignorance. In: Development dialogue. The Dag Hammarskjold Foundation, Uppsala, pp 1–2
Geertz C (1973) The interpretation of cultures. Basic Books, New York
Halloran JD (1981) The context of mass communication research. In: Mcanany E, Schnitman J, Janus N (eds) Communication and social structure: critical studies in mass media research. Praeger, New York
Harris M (1980) Cultural Materialism: The Struggle for a Science of Culture, Vintage, New York
Harris M (2001) Cultural materialism: the struggle for a science of culture. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham/Oxford
Huesca R (2003) Tracing the history of participatory communication approaches to development: a critical appraisal. In: Servaes J (ed) Approaches to development. Studies on communication for development. UNESCO, Paris
Huizer G (1989) Action research and People’s participation. An introduction and some case studies. Third World Centre, Nijmegen
Jacobson T (1993) A pragmatist account of participatory communication research for national development. Commun Theory 3(3):214–230
Jacobson T, Servaes J (eds) (1999) Theoretical approaches to participatory communication. IAMCR book series. Hampton Press, Creskill
Kennedy TW (1984) Beyond advocacy: an animative approach to public participation. Dissertation, Cornell University
Kennedy TW (2008) Where the rivers meet the sky: a collaborative approach to participatory development. Southbound, Penang
Kronenburg J (1986) Empowerment of the poor. A comparative analysis of two development endeavours in Kenya. Third World Center, Nijmegen
Kuhn T (1962) The structure of scientific revolutions, 2nd edn, enlarged. University of Chicago, Chicago
Lennie J, Tacchi J (2013) Evaluating communication for development. A framework for social change. Routledge Earthscan, London
Lie R (2003) Spaces of intercultural communication. An interdisciplinary introduction to communication, culture, and globalizing/localizing identities. IAMCR book series. Hampton Press, Creskill
Mckee N, Manoncourt E, Saik YC, Carnegie R (eds) (2000) Involving people, evolving behaviour. Southbound, Penang
Midgley J (ed) (1986) Community participation, social development, and the state. Methuen, London
Plaisance PL (2011) Moral agency in media: toward a model to explore key components of ethical practice. J Mass Media Ethics 26(2):96–113
PPDHRRA – Philippine Partnership for the Development of Human Resources in Rural Areas (1986) Participatory research guidebook. Philippine Partnership for the Development of Human Resources in Rural Areas, Laguna
Robson C (1995) Real world research. A resource for social scientists and practitioner-researchers. Blackwell, Oxford
Rockhill K (Fall, 1982) Researching participation in adult education: the potential of the qualitative perspective. Adult Educ 33(1):3
Servaes J (1999) Communication for development. One world, multiple cultures. Hampton Press, Creskill
Servaes J (2012) Homo academicus: Quo vadis? In: Silvia N-Z, Karyn H (eds) Global academe: engaging intellectual discourse. Palgrave Macmillan, New York, pp 85–98. 230pp
Servaes J, Jacobson T, White S (eds) (1996) Participatory communication for social change. Sage, New Delhi
Tacchi J, Slater D, Hearn G (2003) Ethnographic action research. UNESCO, Paris
Tandon R (1981) Participatory evaluation and research: main concepts and issues. In: Fernandes W, Tandon R (eds) Participatory research and evaluation: experiments in research as a process of liberation. Indian Social Institute, New Delhi
Tandon R (1985) Participatory research: issues and prospects. In: Farmer’s Assistance Board (ed) Response to Asian people’s struggle for social transformation. Farmer’s Assistance Board, Manila
Tandon R (2002) Participatory research: revisiting the roots. Mosaic Books, New Delhi
Thayer L (1983) On ‘doing’ research and ‘explaining’ things. In: Gerbner G (ed) Ferment in the Field. J Commun 33(4)
Tuhiwai Smith L (1999) Decolonizing methodologies. Research and indigenous peoples. Zed Books, London
Van Hemelrijck A (2013) Powerful beyond measure? Measuring complex systemic change in collaborative settings. In: Servaes J (ed) Sustainability, participation and culture in communication. Theory and praxis. Intellect-University of Chicago Press, Bristol/Chicago
White R (1982) Contradictions in contemporary policies for democratic communication, Paper IAMCR conference, Paris, September
White R (1984) The need for new strategies of research on the democratization of communication, Paper ICA conference, San Francisco, May
Whyte WF (ed) (1989) Learning from the field. A guide from experience. Sage, Beverly Hills
Whyte WF (ed) (1991) Participatory action research. Sage, Newbury Park
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this entry
Cite this entry
Servaes, J. (2020). Three Types of Communication Research Methods: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Participatory. In: Servaes, J. (eds) Handbook of Communication for Development and Social Change. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7035-8_112-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7035-8_112-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-7035-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-7035-8
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Humanities