Abstract
The relationship between supranational anti- and counter-terrorism measures in Europe and human rights is a complex one. One of the core issues regarding the protection of human rights in anti- and counter-terrorism actions by states is the control of state agencies which are responsible for activities in this field in order to ensure full compliance with human rights obligations. While human rights are clearly defined at the European regional level in the European Convention on Human Rights for the 47 Council of Europe States and the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights additionally for the EU 28 (soon to be 27), definitions of “terrorism” are either missing altogether at the regional level or extremely convoluted and vague. The result is a challenge for the state agencies responsible for anti- and counter-terrorism regarding the limits of their powers. Nowhere has this become more evident than is respected of state intelligence service surveillance powers and practices. The use of these powers must be compliant with international and European human rights duties regarding the right to privacy. Examining the EU agencies and the laws of three EU states, France, Germany, and the UK, this chapter engages with the need for robust oversight and control of surveillance in the interests of the human rights to privacy.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alleweldt R, Fickenscher G (2018) Introduction: the police, a key actor in human rights protection. In: The police and international human rights law. Springer, Cham, pp 1–5
Azoulai L, van der Sluis M (2016) Institutionalizing personal data protection in times of global institutional distrust: Schrems. Common Mark Law Rev 53(5):1343–1371
Bauman Z, Bigo D, Esteves P, Guild E, Jabri V, Lyon D, Walker RB (2014) After Snowden: rethinking the impact of surveillance. Int Political Sociol 8(2):121–144
Bennett C, Raab CD (2017) Revisiting ‘The Governance of Privacy’: Contemporary Policy Instruments in Global Perspective (August 16, 2018). Original paper Prepared for the Privacy Law Scholars Conference, Berkeley CA. Revised version forthcoming in Regulation and Governance. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2972086 or https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2972086
Bigo D (2012) Digital surveillance and every day democracy. In: Lyon D, Ball K, Haggerty KD (eds) Routledge handbook of surveillance studies. Routledge, Abingdon
Bigo D, Guild E (eds) (2005) Controlling frontiers: free movement into and within Europe. Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot
Bigo D, Boulet G, Bowden C, Carrera S, Guild E, Hernanz N, Scherrer A (2013) Open season for data fishing on the Web: the challenges of the US PRISM programme for the EU. Centre for European Policy Studies, Brussels
Bigo D, Carrera S, Guild E, Guittet EP, Jeandesboz J, Mitsilegas V, ..., Scherrer A (2015). The eu and its counter-terrorism policies after the Paris attacks. Liberty and Security in Europe No. 84, 27 November 2015
Boer D, Monica CH, Nölke A (2008) Legitimacy under pressure: the European web of counter-terrorism networks. J Common Mark Stud 46(1):101–124
Brown I, Korff D (2009) Terrorism and the proportionality of internet surveillance. Eur J Criminol 6(2):119–134
Brown DH, Layne Blevins J (2002) The safe-harbor agreement between the United States and Europe: a missed opportunity to balance the interests of e-commerce and privacy online? J Broadcast Electron Media 46(4):549–564
Bygrave LA (2004) Privacy protection in a global context–a comparative overview. Scand Stud Law 47:319–348
Campbell D (2000) Inside Echelon. Vom Ende der Anonymität–Die Globalisierung der Überwachung, Hannover, Campbell, Duncan 49–70.
Caparini M (2016) Controlling and overseeing intelligence services in democratic States. In: Democratic control of intelligence services. Routledge, European Union. Euro J Political Theory 16(2):235–260
Cheneval F, Lavenex S, Schimmelfennig F (eds) (2017) European democracy as demoi-cracy. Routledge
Cilluffo FJ, Marks RA, Salmoiraghi GC (2002) The use and limits of US intelligence. Wash Q 25(1):61–74
De Somer S (2018) The powers of national regulatory authorities as agents of EU law. ERA Forum 18(4):581–595. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg
Deibert RJ (2013) Black code: inside the battle for cyberspace. Signal, Toronto
Dimitrova A, Brkan M (2018) Balancing National Security and Data Protection: the role of EU and US Policy-Makers and Courts before and after the NSA Affair. J Common Mark Stud 56(4):751–767
Fahey B (2015) Law and governance as checks and balances in transatlantic security: Rights, redress, and remedies in EU-US passenger name records and the terrorist finance tracking program. Yearb Eur Law 32(1):368–388
Gill P (2017a) Democracy, law and security: internal security services in contemporary Europe. Routledge
Gill P, Andregg M. (eds) (2017b) Democratization of intelligence. Routledge.
Greenwald G (2014) No place to hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the US surveillance state. Macmillan, New York
Guild E, Bigo D, Carrera S (2017) Trump’s travel bans: Harvesting personal data and requiem for the EU-US privacy shield, CEPS
Guittet EP (2006) La genèse de la coopération antiterroriste en Europe et l’implication de l’Espagne dans la (re) définition de l’identité européenne: de la raison d’Etat à la raison de la gouvernementalité européenne? Doctoral dissertation, Paris 10
Isin E, Ruppert E (2015) Being digital citizens. Rowman & Littlefield International, New York
Kouvakas I (2017) The Watson Case: another missed opportunity for Stricto Sensu Proportionality. Camb Law Rev 2:173
Kuner C (2017) Reality and illusion in EU data transfer regulation post Schrems. Ger Law J 18:881
Legrand T (2012) The merry mandarins of Windsor: policy transfer and transgovernmental networks in the Anglosphere. Policy Stud 33(6):523–540
Legrand T (2015) Transgovernmental policy networks in the Anglosphere. Public Adm 93(4):973–991
Lyon D (2001) Surveillance society: monitoring everyday life. McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
Lyon D (2013) The information society: issues and illusions. Wiley, New York
Lyon D (2014) Surveillance, Snowden, and big data: capacities, consequences, critique. Big Data Soc 1(2):2053951714541861
Mitsilegas V (2015) Surveillance and digital privacy in the transatlantic war on terror: the case for a global privacy regime. Columb Hum Rights Law Rev 47:1
Murphy MH (2014) The pendulum effect: comparisons between the Snowden revelations and the Church Committee. What are the potential implications for Europe? Inf Commun Technol Law 23(3):192–219
Ni Loideain N (2016) The end of safe harbor: Implications for EU digital privacy and data protection law. J Int Law 19(8)
Ojanen T (2016) Making the essence of fundamental rights real: the court of justice of the European Union clarifies the structure of fundamental rights under the Charter: ECJ 6 October 2015, Case C-362/14, Maximillian Schrems v Data Protection Commissioner. Eur Const Law Rev 12(2):318–329
Pedersen AM, Udsen H, Jakobsen SS (2018) Data retention in Europe – the Tele 2 case and beyond. Int Data Privacy Law 8:160
Poitras L (2015) Citizenfour. Lectures, publications reçues
Rosenau W (1994) A deafening silence: US policy and the Sigint facility at lourdes. Intelligence Natl Secur 9(4):723–734
Rubinstein I, Petkova B (2016) The International Impact of the General Data Protection Regulation. Kuner C. International Organizations and the EU General Data Protection Regulation. Voss WG
Saul B (ed) (2014) Research handbook on international law and terrorism. Edward Elgar Publishing, p 20
Scott JC (1998) Seeing like a state: how certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed. Yale University Press, New Haven
Tréguer F (2016) From deep state illegality to law of the land: the case of internet surveillance in France. In: 7th biennial surveillance & society conference (SSN 2016): power, performance and trust. 20 April 2016
Wetzling T (2016) The key to intelligence reform in Germany: Strengthening the G10-commission’s role to authorise strategic surveillance. Stiftung Neue Verantwortung, Berlin
Wolff S (2009) The Mediterranean dimension of EU Counter-terrorism. J Eur Integr 31(1):137–156
Woods L (2017a) Investigatory Powers Tribunal (IPT): privacy international v. secretary of state for foreign and commonwealth affairs and ors. Eur Data Prot Law Rev 3:247
Woods L (2017b) The Investigatory Powers Act 2016. Eur Data Prot Law Rev 3:103
Zurawski N (2011) Local practice and global data: loyalty cards, social practices, and consumer surveillance. Sociol Q 52(4):509–527
Reports
Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, Report Senator Dick Marty, Doc 11302.rev 2006
Council of Europe Commission for Human Rights Democratic and Effective Oversight of National Security Services Issue paper Strasbourg 2015
European Parliament Parliamentary Oversight of Security and Intelligence Agencies in the European Union 2016
Federal Trade Commission (USA) (2015) Internet of things: privacy & security in a connected world. Federal Trade Commission, Washington, DC
Fundamental Rights Agency Surveillance by intelligence services: fundamental rights safeguards and remedies in the EU Volume II: field perspectives and legal update October 2017, Vienna
Newspapers
Ball J, Borger J, Greenwald G (2013) Revealed: how US and UK spy agencies defeat internet privacy and security. The Guardian 6
Gellman B, Poitras L (2013) US, British intelligence mining data from nine US Internet companies in broad secret program. The Washington Post 6
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this entry
Cite this entry
Guild, E. (2019). Counter-Terrorism Resolutions and Initiatives by Regional Institutions: EU and European Court of Human Rights. In: Shor, E., Hoadley, S. (eds) International Human Rights and Counter-Terrorism. International Human Rights. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3894-5_8-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3894-5_8-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-3894-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-3894-5
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Law and CriminologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences
Publish with us
Chapter history
-
Latest
Counterterrorism Resolutions and Initiatives by Regional Institutions: EU and European Court of Human Rights- Published:
- 22 August 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3894-5_8-2
-
Original
Counter-Terrorism Resolutions and Initiatives by Regional Institutions: EU and European Court of Human Rights- Published:
- 25 March 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3894-5_8-1