Abstract
In this chapter, Troxler and Van Woensel will try to identify the possible socio-technical changes that 3D printing effectuates and their larger consequences on businesses, the economy and society at large. To this end, they first track the emergence of three-dimensional printing technology. They draw the analogy with the developments of other digital technologies, particularly in media. In that way, they understand consumer 3D printing as the latest addition to these developments. Troxler and Van Woensel then sketch some of the next developments they expect in enterprise 3D printing. Framing 3D printing in the context of ‘industrial revolutions’ leads them to understand this development as part of broader, socio-technical ones that drive lateral power structures, distributed control and a networked society beyond the Internet in the physical realm. The authors then investigate some of the business and legal challenges for companies. Looking into these challenges leads them to matters of definition and scope in regard to product liability and consumer protection, and of intellectual property rights. Finally, the authors ask what governments can do to mollify concerns and let opportunities flourish. They provisionally conclude that an open-minded approach to 3D printing and the social-technical developments it represents is most promising.
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Notes
- 1.
Bourell et al. 2009.
- 2.
Wohlers 2011.
- 3.
U.S. Patent 4,575,330.
- 4.
Gartner 2013.
- 5.
Wohlers 2011.
- 6.
Gartner 2013.
- 7.
Ibid.
- 8.
Prince 2014.
- 9.
Brody and Pureswaran 2013.
- 10.
Von Hippel 2005.
- 11.
Ibid., pp. 121–124.
- 12.
Cf. Zentner 2009, p. 3.
- 13.
- 14.
Cf. Grassmuck 2010.
- 15.
Young et al. 2012.
- 16.
Diderot 1778.
- 17.
Okoli et al. 2012.
- 18.
Pew Research Center 2012.
- 19.
Marsh 2012.
- 20.
Pine II 1993.
- 21.
Toffler 1981, p. 183.
- 22.
Gershenfeld 2006, 16:57 min.
- 23.
Rifkin 2011.
- 24.
Rifkin 2001.
- 25.
Toffler 1981.
- 26.
Illich 1973.
- 27.
Gartner 2013.
- 28.
Wohlers Report 2014.
- 29.
- 30.
Hall 2004, pp. 466–467.
- 31.
- 32.
Wohlers Report 2014.
- 33.
Gartner 2013a.
- 34.
Brody and Pureswaran 2013, pp. 10–11.
- 35.
Maney 2014.
- 36.
Newsweek 2014.
- 37.
GE Reports 2013.
- 38.
Marsh 2012.
- 39.
Beniger 1986.
- 40.
For an overview see Wikipedia.
- 41.
Rifkin 2011.
- 42.
Carlyle 1840.
- 43.
Liebling 1960, p. 105.
- 44.
Rifkin 2011.
- 45.
- 46.
European Commission 2012.
- 47.
Brody and Pureswaran 2013.
- 48.
Davies 2009.
- 49.
Davis 2010, p. 13.
- 50.
Rifkin 2012, p. 219.
- 51.
Petrick and Simpson 2013.
- 52.
Ibid., pp. 12–13 with further references.
- 53.
Ibid., p. 13.
- 54.
Directive 1999/44/EG, Article 1,2,c jo Article 2.1.
- 55.
Directive 2011/83/EU.
- 56.
Directive 1999/44/EG, Article 2.
- 57.
Directive 1985/374/EEC, Article 1; Directive 1999/34/EC.
- 58.
Bojanova 2014.
- 59.
Ibid., p. 11.
- 60.
Cf. Mendis 2013.
- 61.
Hornick and Roland 2013, p. 14.
- 62.
Owen et al. 2013.
- 63.
Cf. ibid., p. 260.
- 64.
See http://blog.grabcad.com/ge-terms-of-service/ and http://grabcad.com/challenges/general-electric-additive-manufacturing-engine-bracket-challenge. Accessed 20 February 2015.
- 65.
GE Reports 2013.
- 66.
Ibid.
- 67.
Brean 2013, p. 813.
- 68.
Hornick and Roland 2013, p. 15.
- 69.
Cf. Brean 2013, p. 813.
- 70.
Peacock 2014.
- 71.
Ibid., p. 1936.
- 72.
Ibid., p. 1960.
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Troxler, P., van Woensel, C. (2016). How Will Society Adopt 3D Printing?. In: van den Berg, B., van der Hof, S., Kosta, E. (eds) 3D Printing. Information Technology and Law Series, vol 26. T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-096-1_11
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