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Mitosis Targets as Biomarkers in Cervical Cancer

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Biomarkers in Cancer

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Abstract

The effectiveness of a preventive human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for reducing the cervical cancer (CC) burden will likely not be known for 30 years. Current screening methods for detecting high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN2/3) and CC (CIN2+) have low sensitivity (Pap test) or low specificity (HPV tests). Improved procedures for CC screening and treatment are therefore required. Based on comparisons with healthy cervical epithelium, the genes most upregulated and enriched in CC are those involved in mitosis. Some of these upregulated genes might be good candidates for CC screening or survival markers or as potential therapeutic targets. In this chapter, we analyze the benefits and limitations of current methods used for early CC detection, the evidence that demonstrates that the most enriched genes in CC are those involved in mitosis, the mechanism that regulates mitosis and its relationship with HPV, and our experimental evidence suggesting that some mitosis genes might be good markers for screening and survival in CC. In addition, we discuss the need to develop less expensive and more efficient methods that can be automated for large-scale application in poor and developing countries. We also discuss the potential use of the markers for other types of cancers and as potential therapeutic targets.

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Abbreviations

APC/C:

Anaphase-Promoting Complex

AUC:

Area Under the Curve

CC:

Cervical Cancer

Cdks:

Cyclin-Dependent Kinases

CIN:

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

DSB:

Double-Strand Breaks

ELISA:

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

FDA:

US Food and Drug Administration

FIGO:

International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics

H&E:

Hematoxylin and Eosin Stain

HC2:

Hybrid Capture 2 Technology

HPV:

Human Papillomavirus

HR:

Hazard Ratio

IH:

Immunohistochemistry

mRNA:

Messenger Ribonucleic Acid

NPV:

Negative Predictive Value

Pap:

Papanicolaou Test

PPV:

Positive Predictive Value

qRT-PCR:

Quantitative Reverse-Transcription PCR

RMA:

Robust Multi-array Average

ROC:

Receiver-Operating Characteristic

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Dr. Balmis 148 Z.C., 06726, Mexico city, Mexico

    Jaime Berumen

  2. Unidad de Medicina Genomica, Hospital General de Mexico, Dr. Balmis 148 Z.C., 06726, Mexico city, Mexico

    Jaime Berumen, Ana María Espinosa, Ingrid Medina & Mariano Guardado

Authors
  1. Jaime Berumen
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  2. Ana María Espinosa
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  3. Ingrid Medina
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  4. Mariano Guardado
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Correspondence to Jaime Berumen .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

  2. Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

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Berumen, J., Espinosa, A.M., Medina, I., Guardado, M. (2014). Mitosis Targets as Biomarkers in Cervical Cancer. In: Preedy, V., Patel, V. (eds) Biomarkers in Cancer. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7744-6_25-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7744-6_25-1

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  • Online ISBN: 978-94-007-7744-6

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