Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Interpretation of Coronary Artery Disease with Intravascular Ultrasound

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease

  • 209 Accesses

Abstract

The fact that coronary angiography has limitations in terms of precise estimation of atherosclerosis has been partially overcome during the last years by the use of new imaging techniques. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is currently the gold-standard technique for the assessment of the morphology of coronary arteries and atherosclerotic plaques in vivo and an irreplaceable guiding tool for interventional procedures. This chapter summarizes the basic principles along with some newer perspectives of this methodology and evidently highlights not only the use in clinical practice but also the contribution in clinical outcomes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

CAD:

Coronary artery disease

FFR:

Fractional flow reserve

IVUS:

Intravascular ultrasound

MI:

Myocardial infarction

MLA:

Minimum lumen area

NIRS:

Near infrared streptoscopy

OCT:

Optical computed tomography

RF:

Radiofrequency

VH-IVUS:

Virtual histology intravascular ultrasound

References

  • Abizaid A, Mintz GS, Pichard AD, Kent KM, Satler LF, Walsh CL, Popma JJ, Leon MB. Clinical, intravascular ultrasound, and quantitative angiographic determinants of the coronary flow reserve before and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82:423–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ambrose JA, Dangas G. Unstable angina: current concepts of pathogenesis and treatment. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:25–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ambrose JA, Tannenbaum MA, Alexopoulos D, Hjemdahl-Monsen CE, Leavy J, Weiss M, Borrico S, Gorlin R, Fuster V. Angiographic progression of coronary artery disease and the development of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988;12:56–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bourantas CV, Kalatzis FG, Papafaklis MI, Fotiadis DI, Tweddel AC, Kourtis IC, Katsouras CS, Michalis LK. ANGIOCARE: an automated system for fast three-dimensional coronary reconstruction by integrating angiographic and intracoronary ultrasound data. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2008;72:166–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bourantas CV, Garcia-Garcia HM, Naka KK, Sakellarios A, Athanasiou L, Fotiadis DI, Michalis LK, Serruys PW. Hybrid intravascular imaging: current applications and prospective potential in the study of coronary atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:1369–78.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brugaletta S, Garcia-Garcia HM, Shen ZJ, Gomez-Lara J, Diletti R, Sarno G, Gonzalo N, Wijns W, De Bruyne B, Alfonso F, Serruys PW. Morphology of coronary artery lesions assessed by virtual histology intravascular ultrasound tissue characterization and fractional flow reserve. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;28:221–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Calvert PA, Obaid DR, O’Sullivan M, Shapiro LM, Mcnab D, Densem CG, Schofield PM, Braganza D, Clarke SC, Ray KK, West NE, Bennett MR. Association between IVUS findings and adverse outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease: the VIVA (VH-IVUS in Vulnerable Atherosclerosis) Study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011;4:894–901.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chieffo A, Latib A, Caussin C, Presbitero P, Galli S, Menozzi A, Varbella F, Mauri F, Valgimigli M, Arampatzis C, Sabate M, Erglis A, Reimers B, Airoldi F, Laine M, Palop RL, Mikhail G, Maccarthy P, Romeo F, Colombo A. A prospective, randomized trial of intravascular-ultrasound guided compared to angiography guided stent implantation in complex coronary lesions: the AVIO trial. Am Heart J. 2013;165:65–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Choi SY, Witzenbichler B, Maehara A, Lansky AJ, Guagliumi G, Brodie B, Kellett Jr MA, Dressler O, Parise H, Mehran R, Dangas GD, Mintz GS, Stone GW. Intravascular ultrasound findings of early stent thrombosis after primary percutaneous intervention in acute myocardial infarction: a Harmonizing Outcomes with Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction (HORIZONS-AMI) substudy. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2011;4:239–47.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Choi SY, Maehara A, Cristea E, Witzenbichler B, Guagliumi G, Brodie B, Kellett Jr MA, Dressler O, Lansky AJ, Parise H, Mehran R, Mintz GS, Stone GW. Usefulness of minimum stent cross sectional area as a predictor of angiographic restenosis after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction (from the HORIZONS-AMI Trial IVUS substudy). Am J Cardiol. 2012;109:455–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Claessen BE, Mehran R, Mintz GS, Weisz G, Leon MB, Dogan O, de Ribamar Costa Jr J, Stone GW, Apostolidou I, Morales A, Chantziara V, Syros G, Sanidas E, Xu K, Tijssen JG, Henriques JP, Piek JJ, Moses JW, Maehara A, Dangas GD. Impact of intravascular ultrasound imaging on early and late clinical outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2011;4:974–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corban MT, Eshtehardi P, Suo J, Mcdaniel MC, Timmins LH, Rassoul-Arzrumly E, Maynard C, Mekonnen G, King 3rd S, Quyyumi AA, Giddens DP, Samady H. Combination of plaque burden, wall shear stress, and plaque phenotype has incremental value for prediction of coronary atherosclerotic plaque progression and vulnerability. Atherosclerosis. 2014;232:271–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dangas G, Mehran R, Wallenstein S, Courcoutsakis NA, Kakarala V, Hollywood J, Ambrose JA. Correlation of angiographic morphology and clinical presentation in unstable angina. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;29:519–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Kalesan B, Barbato E, Tonino PA, Piroth Z, Jagic N, Mobius-Winkler S, Rioufol G, Witt N, Kala P, Maccarthy P, Engstrom T, Oldroyd KG, Mavromatis K, Manoharan G, Verlee P, Frobert O, Curzen N, Johnson JB, Juni P, Fearon WF, Investigators FT. Fractional flow reserve-guided PCI versus medical therapy in stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:991–1001.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Jaegere P, Mudra H, Figulla H, Almagor Y, Doucet S, Penn I, Colombo A, Hamm C, Bartorelli A, Rothman M, Nobuyoshi M, Yamaguchi T, Voudris V, Dimario C, Makovski S, Hausmann D, Rowe S, Rabinovich S, Sunamura M, van Es GA. Intravascular ultrasound-guided optimized stent deployment. Immediate and 6 months clinical and angiographic results from the Multicenter Ultrasound Stenting in Coronaries Study (MUSIC Study). Eur Heart J. 1998;19:1214–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de la Torre Hernandez JM, Hernandez Hernandez F, Alfonso F, Rumoroso JR, Lopez-Palop R, Sadaba M, Carrillo P, Rondan J, Lozano I, Ruiz Nodar JM, Baz JA, Fernandez Nofrerias E, Pajin F, Garcia Camarero T, Gutierrez H. Prospective application of pre-defined intravascular ultrasound criteria for assessment of intermediate left main coronary artery lesions results from the multicenter LITRO study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:351–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fitzgerald PJ, Oshima A, Hayase M, Metz JA, Bailey SR, Baim DS, Cleman MW, Deutsch E, Diver DJ, Leon MB, Moses JW, Oesterle SN, Overlie PA, Pepine CJ, Safian RD, Shani J, Simonton CA, Smalling RW, Teirstein PS, Zidar JP, Yeung AC, Kuntz RE, Yock PG. Final results of the Can Routine Ultrasound Influence Stent Expansion (CRUISE) study. Circulation. 2000;102:523–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fujii K, Carlier SG, Mintz GS, Yang YM, Moussa I, Weisz G, Dangas G, Mehran R, Lansky AJ, Kreps EM, Collins M, Stone GW, Moses JW, Leon MB. Stent underexpansion and residual reference segment stenosis are related to stent thrombosis after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation: an intravascular ultrasound study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:995–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fuster V, Badimon L, Badimon JJ, Chesebro JH. The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes (1). N Engl J Med. 1992a;326:242–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fuster V, Badimon L, Badimon JJ, Chesebro JH. The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes (2). N Engl J Med. 1992b;326:310–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Garcia HM, Mintz GS, Lerman A, Vince DG, Margolis MP, van Es GA, Morel MA, Nair A, Virmani R, Burke AP, Stone GW, Serruys PW. Tissue characterisation using intravascular radiofrequency data analysis: recommendations for acquisition, analysis, interpretation and reporting. EuroIntervention. 2009;5:177–89.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Garcia HM, Gomez-Lara J, Gonzalo N, Garg S, Shin ES, Goedhart D, Serruys PW. A comparison of the distribution of necrotic core in bifurcation and non-bifurcation coronary lesions: an in vivo assessment using intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency data analysis. EuroIntervention. 2010;6:321–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Garcia HM, Gogas BD, Serruys PW, Bruining N. IVUS-based imaging modalities for tissue characterization: similarities and differences. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011;27:215–24.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gogas BD, Muramatsu T, Garcia-Garcia HM, Bourantas CV, Holm NR, Thuesen L, Farooq V, Onuma Y, Serruys PW. In vivo three dimensional optical coherence tomography. A novel imaging modality to visualize the edge vascular response. Int J Cardiol. 2013;164(3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann M, Mattern ES, Huisman J, van Houwelingen GK, de Man FH, Stoel MG, Danse PW, Louwerenburg HW, von Birgelen C. Reproducibility of volumetric intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency-based analysis of coronary plaque composition in vivo. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009;25:13–23.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jaffer FA, Weissleder R. Molecular imaging in the clinical arena. JAMA. 2005;293:855–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jang JS, Jin HY, Seo JS, Yang TH, Kim DK, Park YA, Cho KI, Park YH, Kim DS. Meta-analysis of plaque composition by intravascular ultrasound and its relation to distal embolization after percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol. 2013;111(7):968–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kang SJ, Lee JY, Ahn JM, Mintz GS, Kim WJ, Park DW, Yun SC, Lee SW, Kim YH, Lee CW, Park SW, Park SJ. Validation of intravascular ultrasound-derived parameters with fractional flow reserve for assessment of coronary stenosis severity. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2011;4:65–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malek AM, Alper SL, Izumo S. Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis. JAMA. 1999;282:2035–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mcdaniel MC, Eshtehardi P, Sawaya FJ, Douglas Jr JS, Samady H. Contemporary clinical applications of coronary intravascular ultrasound. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2011;4:1155–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mintz GS, Nissen SE, Anderson WD, Bailey SR, Erbel R, Fitzgerald PJ, Pinto FJ, Rosenfield K, Siegel RJ, Tuzcu EM, Yock PG. American College of Cardiology Clinical Expert Consensus Document on Standards for Acquisition, Measurement and Reporting of Intravascular Ultrasound Studies (IVUS). A report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:1478–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Naghavi M, Libby P, Falk E, Casscells SW, Litovsky S, Rumberger J, Badimon JJ, Stefanadis C, Moreno P, Pasterkamp G, Fayad Z, Stone PH, Waxman S, Raggi P, Madjid M, Zarrabi A, Burke A, Yuan C, Fitzgerald PJ, Siscovick DS, de Korte CL, Aikawa M, Airaksinen KE, Assmann G, Becker CR, Chesebro JH, Farb A, Galis ZS, Jackson C, Jang IK, Koenig W, Lodder RA, March K, Demirovic J, Navab M, Priori SG, Rekhter MD, Bahr R, Grundy SM, Mehran R, Colombo A, Boerwinkle E, Ballantyne C, Insull Jr W, Schwartz RS, Vogel R, Serruys PW, Hansson GK, Faxon DP, Kaul S, Drexler H, Greenland P, Muller JE, Virmani R, Ridker PM, Zipes DP, Shah PK, Willerson JT. From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: Part II. Circulation. 2003a;108:1772–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Naghavi M, Libby P, Falk E, Casscells SW, Litovsky S, Rumberger J, Badimon JJ, Stefanadis C, Moreno P, Pasterkamp G, Fayad Z, Stone PH, Waxman S, Raggi P, Madjid M, Zarrabi A, Burke A, Yuan C, Fitzgerald PJ, Siscovick DS, de Korte CL, Aikawa M, Juhani Airaksinen KE, Assmann G, Becker CR, Chesebro JH, Farb A, Galis ZS, Jackson C, Jang IK, Koenig W, Lodder RA, March K, Demirovic J, Navab M, Priori SG, Rekhter MD, BahR R, Grundy SM, Mehran R, Colombo A, Boerwinkle E, Ballantyne C, Insull Jr W, Schwartz RS, Vogel R, Serruys PW, Hansson GK, Faxon DP, Kaul S, Drexler H, Greenland P, Muller JE, Virmani R, Ridker PM, Zipes DP, Shah PK, Willerson JT. From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: Part I. Circulation. 2003b;108:1664–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nair A, Margolis MP, Kuban BD, Vince DG. Automated coronary plaque characterisation with intravascular ultrasound backscatter: ex vivo validation. EuroIntervention. 2007;3:113–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nasu K, Tsuchikane E, Katoh O, Vince DG, Virmani R, Surmely JF, Murata A, Takeda Y, Ito T, Ehara M, Matsubara T, Terashima M, Suzuki T. Accuracy of in vivo coronary plaque morphology assessment: a validation study of in vivo virtual histology compared with in vitro histopathology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:2405–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nasu K, tsuchikane e, Katoh O, Fujita H, Surmely JF, Ehara M, Kinoshita Y, Tanaka N, Matsubara T, Asakura Y, Asakura K, Terashima M, Suzuki T. Plaque characterisation by Virtual Histology intravascular ultrasound analysis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Heart. 2008;94:429–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nishioka T, Amanullah AM, Luo H, Berglund H, Kim CJ, Nagai T, Hakamata N, Katsushika S, Uehata A, Takase B, Isojima K, Berman DS, Siegel RJ. Clinical validation of intravascular ultrasound imaging for assessment of coronary stenosis severity: comparison with stress myocardial perfusion imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33:1870–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nozue T, Yamamoto S, Tohyama S, Fukui K, Umezawa S, Onishi Y, Kunishima T, Sato A, Nozato T, Miyake S, Takeyama Y, Morino Y, Yamauchi T, Muramatsu T, Hibi K, Terashima M, Michishita I, Investigators T. Comparison of change in coronary atherosclerosis in patients with stable versus unstable angina pectoris receiving statin therapy (from the Treatment With Statin on Atheroma Regression Evaluated by Intravascular Ultrasound With Virtual Histology [TRUTH] Study). Am J Cardiol. 2013;111(7):923–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Oemrawsingh PV, Mintz GS, Schalij MJ, Zwinderman AH, Jukema JW, van der WALL EE. Intravascular ultrasound guidance improves angiographic and clinical outcome of stent implantation for long coronary artery stenoses: final results of a randomized comparison with angiographic guidance (TULIP Study). Circulation. 2003;107:62–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oviedo C, Maehara A, Mintz GS, Araki H, Choi SY, Tsujita K, Kubo T, Doi H, Templin B, Lansky AJ, Dangas G, Leon MB, Mehran R, Tahk SJ, Stone GW, Ochiai M, Moses JW. Intravascular ultrasound classification of plaque distribution in left main coronary artery bifurcations: where is the plaque really located? Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2010;3:105–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Papaioannou TG, Schizas D, Vavuranakis M, Katsarou O, Soulis D, Stefanadis C. Quantification of new structural features of coronary plaques by computational post-hoc analysis of virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound images. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin. 2014;17:643–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parise H, Maehara A, Stone GW, Leon MB, Mintz GS. Meta-analysis of randomized studies comparing intravascular ultrasound versus angiographic guidance of percutaneous coronary intervention in pre-drug-eluting stent era. Am J Cardiol. 2011;107:374–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park SJ, Kim YH, Park DW, Lee SW, Kim WJ, SUH J, Yun SC, Lee CW, Hong MK, Lee JH, Park SW. Impact of intravascular ultrasound guidance on long-term mortality in stenting for unprotected left main coronary artery stenosis. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2009;2:167–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rathore S, Katoh O, Tuschikane E, Oida A, Suzuki T, Takase S. A novel modification of the retrograde approach for the recanalization of chronic total occlusion of the coronary arteries intravascular ultrasound-guided reverse controlled antegrade and retrograde tracking. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2010;3(2):155–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russo RJ, Silva PD, Teirstein PS, Attubato MJ, Davidson CJ, Defranco AC, Fitzgerald PJ, Goldberg SL, Hermiller JB, Leon MB, Ling FS, Lucisano JE, Schatz RA, Wong SC, Weissman NJ, Zientek DM. A randomized controlled trial of angiography versus intravascular ultrasound-directed bare-metal coronary stent placement (the AVID Trial). Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2009;2:113–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Samady H, Eshtehardi P, Mcdaniel MC, Suo J, Dhawan SS, Maynard C, Timmins LH, Quyyumi AA, Giddens DP. Coronary artery wall shear stress is associated with progression and transformation of atherosclerotic plaque and arterial remodeling in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2011;124:779–88.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sanidas EA, Vavuranakis M, Papaioannou TG, Carlier S, Syros G, Dangas G, Stefanadis C. Study of atheromatous plaque using intravascular ultrasound. Hellenic J Cardiol. 2008;49:415–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sanidas EA, Maehara A, Mintz GS, Kashiyama T, Guo J, Pu J, Shang Y, Claessen B, Dangas GD, Leon MB, Moses JW, Stone GW, Ueda Y. Angioscopic and virtual histology intravascular ultrasound characteristics of culprit lesion morphology underlying coronary artery thrombosis. Am J Cardiol. 2011;107:1285–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sathyanarayana S, Carlier S, Li W, Thomas L. Characterisation of atherosclerotic plaque by spectral similarity of radiofrequency intravascular ultrasound signals. EuroIntervention. 2009;5:133–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sawada T, Shite J, Garcia-Garcia HM, Shinke T, Watanabe S, Otake H, Matsumoto D, Tanino Y, Ogasawara D, Kawamori H, Kato H, Miyoshi N, Yokoyama M, Serruys PW, Hirata K. Feasibility of combined use of intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency data analysis and optical coherence tomography for detecting thin-cap fibroatheroma. Eur Heart J. 2008;29:1136–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schaar JA, de Korte CL, Mastik F, Strijder C, Pasterkamp G, Boersma E, Serruys PW, van der Steen AF. Characterizing vulnerable plaque features with intravascular elastography. Circulation. 2003;108:2636–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Serruys PW, Garcia-Garcia HM, Buszman P, Erne P, Verheye S, Aschermann M, Duckers H, Bleie O, Dudek D, Botker HE, von Birgelen C, D’Amico D, Hutchinson T, Zambanini A, Mastik F, van Es GA, van der Steen AF, Vince DG, Ganz P, Hamm CW, Wijns W, Zalewski A. Effects of the direct lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) inhibitor darapladib on human coronary atherosclerotic plaque. Circulation. 2008;118:1172–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stefanadis C, Diamantopoulos L, Vlachopoulos C, Tsiamis E, Dernellis J, Toutouzas K, Stefanadi E, Toutouzas P. Thermal heterogeneity within human atherosclerotic coronary arteries detected in vivo: A new method of detection by application of a special thermography catheter. Circulation. 1999;99:1965–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stone GW, Maehara A, Lansky AJ, De Bruyne B, Cristea E, Mintz GS, Mehran R, Mcpherson J, Farhat N, Marso SP, Parise H, Templin B, White R, Zhang Z, Serruys PW, Investigators P. A prospective natural-history study of coronary atherosclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:226–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taguchi I, Oda K, Yoneda S, Kageyama M, Kanaya T, Toyoda S, Abe S, Node K, Inoue T. Evaluation of serial changes in tissue characteristics during statin-induced plaque regression using virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound studies. Am J Cardiol. 2013;111(9):1246–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takagi A, Tsurumi Y, Ishii Y, Suzuki K, Kawana M, Kasanuki H. Clinical potential of intravascular ultrasound for physiological assessment of coronary stenosis: relationship between quantitative ultrasound tomography and pressure-derived fractional flow reserve. Circulation. 1999;100:250–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Teeuwen K, Zwart B, van Werkum JW, Joner M, ten Berg JM. 3-dimensional optical coherence tomography imaging in early coronary stent thrombosis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2011;4:256–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tonino PA, De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Siebert U, Ikeno F, van’ t Veer M, Klauss V, Manoharan G, Engstrom T, Oldroyd KG, Ver Lee PN, Maccarthy PA, Fearon WF. Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:213–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vavuranakis M, Kakadiaris IA, Papaioannou TG, O’Malley SM, Carlier S, Naghavi M, Stefanadis C. Contrast-enhanced intravascular ultrasound: combining morphology with activity-based assessment of plaque vulnerability. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2007;5:917–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vavuranakis M, Kakadiaris IA, O’Malley SM, Papaioannou TG, Sanidas EA, Naghavi M, Carlier S, Tousoulis D, Stefanadis C. A new method for assessment of plaque vulnerability based on vasa vasorum imaging, by using contrast-enhanced intravascular ultrasound and differential image analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2008;130:23–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Virmani R, Kolodgie FD, Burke AP, Farb A, Schwartz SM. Lessons from sudden coronary death: a comprehensive morphological classification scheme for atherosclerotic lesions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000;20:1262–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Virmani R, Burke AP, Farb A, Kolodgie FD. Pathology of the vulnerable plaque. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:C13–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang B, Karpiouk A, Yeager D, Amirian J, Litovsky S, Smalling R, Emelianov S. In vivo intravascular ultrasound-guided photoacoustic imaging of lipid in plaques using an animal model of atherosclerosis. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2012;38:2098–103.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilensky RL, Song HK, Ferrari VA. Role of magnetic resonance and intravascular magnetic resonance in the detection of vulnerable plaques. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:C48–56.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Witzenbichler B, Maehara A, Weisz G, Neumann FJ, Rinaldi MJ, Metzger DC, Henry TD, Cox DA, Duffy PL, Brodie BR, Stuckey TD, Mazzaferri EL Jr, Xu K, Parise H, Mehran R, Mintz GS, Stone GW. Relationship between intravascular ultrasound guidance and clinical outcomes after drug-eluting stents: the assessment of dual antiplatelet therapy with drug-eluting stents (ADAPT-DES) study. Circulation. 2014;129(4):463–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Farooq V, Garcia-Garcia HM, Bourantas CV, Tian N, Dong S, Li M, Yang S, Serruys PW, Chen SL. Comparison of intravascular ultrasound versus angiography-guided drug-eluting stent implantation: a meta-analysis of one randomised trial and ten observational studies involving 19,619 patients. EuroIntervention. 2012;8:855–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1st Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Engineering Unit, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 114 Vas Sophias ave, 11528, Athens, Greece

    Theodore G. Papaioannou

  2. 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 114 Vas Sophias ave, 11528, Athens, Greece

    Manolis Vavuranakis & Dimitrios Tousoulis

  3. Department of Cardiology, Laiko General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma street, 11527, Athens, Greece

    Elias A. Sanidas

Authors
  1. Elias A. Sanidas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Theodore G. Papaioannou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Manolis Vavuranakis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dimitrios Tousoulis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Theodore G. Papaioannou .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Sciences Division, King's College, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

Dictionary of Terms

IVUS

An interventional imaging modality using ultrasound to obtain real time images of the coronary and other vessels of human body.

IVUS pullback

The acquisition of an IVUS sequence consists of inserting an ultrasound emitter, carried by a catheter, into the arterial vessel and pulling the probe from the distal to the proximal position (pullback).

Image resolution

Transducers with ultrasound frequencies ranging between 20–50 MHz are used (usually 40 MHz). High frequencies provide excellent theoretical resolution, as the ultrasound wavelength that determines the maximum resolution is inversely proportional to frequency.

VH-IVUS

A special software that analyzes the unfiltered backscattered IVUS signal mapping with designated colors different tissue components.

Palpography

An alternative method of processing the radiofrequency signal for the determination of the elastic properties of plaques that are susceptible to rupture. This method evaluates the local mechanical properties of the tissue using the distortion caused by intraluminal pressure.

CE-IVUS

The use of conventional gray scale IVUS with the injection of contrast agents (microbubbles) to record qualitatively and quantitatively the flow of microbubbles in human atherosclerotic plaques, mainly within the microvessels and neovasculature.

VH-TCFA

A fibroatheroma without evidence of a fibrous cap: >10 % confluent NC with >30° NC abutting the lumen in at least 3 consecutive frames.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this entry

Cite this entry

Sanidas, E.A., Papaioannou, T.G., Vavuranakis, M., Tousoulis, D. (2015). Interpretation of Coronary Artery Disease with Intravascular Ultrasound. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7741-5_35-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7741-5_35-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-007-7741-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation