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Role of Mitochondria in β-Cell Function and Dysfunction

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Islets of Langerhans, 2. ed.

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Abstract

Pancreatic β-cells are poised to sense glucose and other nutrient secretagogues to regulate insulin exocytosis, thereby maintaining glucose homeostasis. This process requires translation of metabolic substrates into intracellular messengers recognized by the exocytotic machinery. Central to this metabolism-secretion coupling, mitochondria integrate and generate metabolic signals, thereby connecting glucose recognition to insulin exocytosis. In response to a glucose rise, nucleotides and metabolites are generated by mitochondria and participate, together with cytosolic calcium, to the stimulation of insulin release. This review describes the mitochondrion-dependent pathways of regulated insulin secretion. Mitochondrial defects, such as mutations and reactive oxygen species production, are discussed in the context of β-cell failure that may participate to the etiology of diabetes.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the long-standing support of the Swiss National Science Foundation and the State of Geneva.

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  1. Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Centre, Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, 4 CH-1211, Switzerland

    Dr. Pierre Maechler, Ning Li, Marina Casimir, Laurène Vetterli, Francesca Frigerio & Thierry Brun

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  1. Dr. Pierre Maechler
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  2. Ning Li
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  3. Marina Casimir
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  4. Laurène Vetterli
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  5. Francesca Frigerio
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  6. Thierry Brun
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Correspondence to Pierre Maechler .

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  1. Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet Dept. Clinical Research & Education, Stockholm, Sweden

    Md. Shahidul Islam

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Maechler, P., Li, N., Casimir, M., Vetterli, L., Frigerio, F., Brun, T. (2014). Role of Mitochondria in β-Cell Function and Dysfunction. In: Islam, M. (eds) Islets of Langerhans, 2. ed.. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6884-0_7-2

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    Role of Mitochondria in β-Cell Function and Dysfunction
    Published:
    15 April 2014

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6884-0_7-2

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    in β-Cell Function and Dysfunction
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    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6884-0_7-1

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