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Entstehungsmechanismen des EEG

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Klinische Elektroenzephalographie

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Zusammenfassung

Zu unterscheiden sind unmittelbare Potentialquellen (Potentialgeneratoren) des EEG und zerebrale Netzwerke, die den Rhythmus oder die verschiedenen Potentialmuster bedingen, mit denen die kortikalen Spannungsschwankungen registriert werden. Die eigentlichen Potentialgeneratoren liegen in der Hirnrinde und die physiologischen Grundlagen gelten als gut gesichert. Die verschiedenartigen Potentialmuster im EEG sind das Ergebnis von Netzwerkinteraktionen in kortikalen und subkortikalen Regionen, die noch nicht in allen Einzelheiten aufgeklärt werden konnten. Erläutert wird in diesem Kapitel u.a. die Bedeutung glialer Elemente, die Kontrolle der Hirnrindentätigkeit durch die Kerngebiete von Thalamus und Formatio reticularis und die enge Verknüpfung von Weckreaktionen (arousal) mit EEG-Desynchronisierungen.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    DC = „direct current“ (Gleichstrom; im übertragenen Sinne = Gleichspannung), im Gegensatz zu AC = „alternating current“ (Wechselstrom).

  2. 2.

    Unter einem Terminationsareal (Terminationsfeld) versteht man die horizontale Ausdehnung der intrakortikalen Verzweigungen einer in den Kortex ziehenden (afferenten) Nervenfaser. Spezifische Fasern haben Terminationsfelder mit einem Durchmesser von 200–600 \(\upmu\)m, unspezifische Fasern breiten sich dagegen vermutlich bis über mehrere Millimeter hinweg aus.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ehem. Leitung Neurophysiologie, Neurologische Universitätsklinik Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland

    Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Stephan Zschocke

  2. Klinik für Neurologie und Psychiatrie, Friedrich-Ebert-Krankenhaus GmbH, Friesenstraße 11, 24534, Neumünster, Deutschland

    Prof. Dr. med. Hans-Christian Hansen

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  1. Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Stephan Zschocke
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Correspondence to Hans-Christian Hansen .

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  1. (deceased), Halstenbek, Deutschland

    Stephan Zschocke

  2. Universität Hamburg und Klinik für Neurologie, Friedrich-Ebert-Krankenhaus Neumünster GmbH, Neumünster, Deutschland

    Hans-Christian Hansen

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Zschocke, S., Hansen, HC. (2023). Entstehungsmechanismen des EEG. In: Zschocke, S., Hansen, HC. (eds) Klinische Elektroenzephalographie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63267-3_1

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