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Allgemeine Grundlagen (Modul 1)

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S3-Leitlinie Schizophrenie

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Zusammenfassung

Die einer Schizophrenie zugrundeliegenden Erlebens- und Verhaltensstörungen gehören zu den ältesten Krankheitserscheinungen der Menschheit. Die moderne klinische Geschichte der Schizophrenie beginnt mit den Untersuchungen von Emil Kraepelin, Eugen Bleuler und Kurt Schneider Ende des 19. bis Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Schizophrenie ist eine klinisch definierte psychische Störung mit einem typischen psychopathologischen Symptomprofil (Syndrom), unterschiedlichen klinischen Verlaufsformen mit überwiegend episodischem Verlauf, wahrscheinlich heterogenen Ursachen und pathogenetischen Mechanismen. Eugen Bleuler [1], der den Begriff Schizophrenie unter dem Eindruck der Psychoanalyse 1908 prägte, unterschied neben Primär- und Sekundärsymptomen vor allem Grund- und akzessorische Symptome, die der in der heutigen Diagnostik gültigen Unterscheidung von Positiv- und Negativsymptomatik bereits weitgehend entsprechen. Kurt Schneider [2] führte 1950 eine hierarchische Ordnung der Symptomatik in Symptome ersten und zweiten Ranges ein. Die Charakterisierung als „Krankheitsentität“ und die des Verlaufs als ausschließlich „progredient“, wie von Emil Kraepelin 1893 [3] mit dem Konzept der Dementia praecox vorgeschlagen, ist aus heutiger Sicht aufgrund der Vielfalt der Erscheinungsbilder und Verlaufsformen der Schizophrenie nur bedingt haltbar, wie es Bleuler bereits vor mehr als hundert Jahren mit seiner Bezeichnung „Gruppe der Schizophrenien“ zum Ausdruck gebracht hatte. Kraepelin kommt der Verdienst zu, die klinische Dichotomie der schizophrenieähnlichen und affektiven Erkrankungen herausgearbeitet zu haben.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Medizinische Fakultät (federführend), Düsseldorf, Deutschland

    Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Gaebel

  2. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Deutschland

    Prof. Dr. Alkomiet Hasan & Prof. Dr. Peter Falkai

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  1. Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Gaebel
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  2. Prof. Dr. Alkomiet Hasan
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  3. Prof. Dr. Peter Falkai
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Medizinische Fakultät (federführend), Düsseldorf, Germany

    Wolfgang Gaebel

  2. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany

    Alkomiet Hasan

  3. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany

    Peter Falkai

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© 2019 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde e. V. (DGPPN)

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Gaebel, W., Hasan, A., Falkai, P. (2019). Allgemeine Grundlagen (Modul 1). In: Gaebel, W., Hasan, A., Falkai, P. (eds) S3-Leitlinie Schizophrenie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59380-6_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59380-6_1

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